After more than ten years of development, the thin-skinned walnuts in Hebei Province have begun to take shape. They are mainly planted in the Taihang Mountains and the Yanshan Mountains, and are also planted in shallow hills and plains. However, the quality of thin-skinned walnuts has been declining year by year. The skin of thin-skinned walnuts has become thicker, the benevolences have become darker, and the pests and diseases have become serious. Freezing damage has occurred from time to time, and the yield has declined. In order to prevent these problems, here I will summarize some of our experience in the management of walnut cultivation for your reference.

1. When choosing a garden, choose the species and choose the location of the garden.

In winter, the temperature in our province is relatively low, and extreme low temperatures sometimes occur in different years, which can cause freezing damage to trees. For example, in the winter of 2015, abruptly abruptly cooled, resulting in the death of a large area of ​​thin-leaved walnut trees. Different species have different degrees of freezing. This puts forward the requirement for species selection during the establishment of the park, in addition to high yield, high quality and anti-freezing ability.

The geographical location of the park is also crucial. The walnut or fruit trees in the orchards built on the hills or beams and the shady areas are seriously damaged, while the orchards in the gentle slopes are relatively lightly frozen. Therefore, when constructing a garden, you must select a gentle slope below 15 degrees. The slope position is selected to be a sunny slope or a semi-sunny slope. It is best if the lee or wind speed is small and the soil is rich in fertile soil.

2. Pay attention to the problems in the management of fertilizer and water.

After planting walnuts in general, the fruit growers only paid attention to the top-dressing fertilizer and ignored the base fertilizer after fruit picking. In particular, some of the orchards in the shallow mountains and hills are poor in soil quality. The post-harvest basal fertilizer is a guarantee for walnuts to flower and safely overwinter. It is recommended that basal fertilizer should be applied with organic fertilizer of 1,000 kg per acre and an appropriate amount of NPK fertilizer. It is better to apply 40-50 cm deep ditch for fertilization, and the entire garden must be fully ploughed.

The rainfall in our province is relatively low, the rainy season is concentrated, and drought occurs. The Walnut Garden must ensure the water supply for the four periods of walnut sprouting, fruit development and flower bud differentiation from May to April, harvesting to defoliation, and freezing water in the period from March to April. Fruit growers often ignore the frozen water after harvest and before freezing. The water supply during these two periods is the safe wintering of walnut trees and the guarantee of the annual output.

3. Walnut pests and diseases prevention and control issues.

The prevention and treatment of 1 walnut limb moth. Walnut moths are worms that cause walnuts to turn black and are more serious. The exhumation moth is at its height in the early part of July, but the prevention and control must come early. It generally takes 1 to 2 generations in our province, and is dominated by 2 generations. The best period for prevention and control is the beginning of feather emergence in early May and the emergence period of feather emergence in the middle and late May. Physical prevention and chemical prevention are used for prevention in advance.

Physical control. Take the method of covering the multifunctional double-colored plastic film under the tree. The first leveling of the ground is to coat the overwintering larvae before exhumation in mid-May, not only to extirpate the moths of the exhumation moths, but also to protect the water, drought, and grass, and to reduce Application of pesticides.

Chemical control. In the middle of May, the ground was flattened, and then 1500 times of the pyrethroid pesticides were sprayed under the trees to kill the adults that wanted to be excavated. From the end of May to the end of June, spray the 1000x liquid phoxim on the tree every 10 days or so, and add the bactericide carbendazim or thiophanate mixed spray to kill the moths, eggs or hatching of the moths. Larvae can also prevent walnut disease; from September to October, the larvae can enter the soil through the winter, and they can spray 1000 times liquid phoxim on the ground to kill overwintering larvae.

2 walnut black rot symptoms and prevention. Black rot mainly damages the fruit, and the fruit is infected in the early stage. The brown dots on the green skin gradually become dark brown. The pathogen can invade the kernel, and the whole fruit rots and falls off; the lesions spread late in the fruit, and the lesions generally spread slowly. Ren, not easy to fall off, the loss is small, but also invade branches, leaves and flowers, the peak period in the rainy season.

Prevention and treatment: before the onset of the use of loquat fruit 800 times, 15 days once sprayed; early onset with 50% carbendazim WP or 70% thiophanate-methyl 1000 to 1500 times spray; severe illness with loquat fruit An 500 times liquid spray 7 to 10 days.

4. Problems with poor quality and low yield trees.

For some orchards with good site conditions but poor selection of varieties at the time of setting up the garden, we must promptly improve the quality of the orchard, and generally adopt the following two types of conversion methods.

1 The long spring branches are suitable for growing trees that are robust but have low yield and are of poor quality and are generally 8 to 20 years old. The high-recruitment period is from mid-April to early May, from the bud to the leaf stage, and the tongue-to-pepper method is used. After the summer, the original sprouts can be properly budded.

2 High branch shoots in summer, suitable for trees aged 6 years or less, using budding budding method, from late May to late June.

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