Nitro-compound fertilizer is a new type of high-efficiency and environmentally-friendly fertilizer that has been rapidly developed in China in the past decade. With the modification of agricultural ammonium nitrate, the research and development of nitro compound fertilizer production technology has been continuously developed. The nitro compound fertilizer is safe, reliable, easy to use, good in environmental protection performance and high in nutrient content. It not only retains the basic characteristics of the original ammonium nitrate, but also contains nutrients for the growth of crops such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, with balanced nutrients and high content of active ingredients. It can meet the needs of the traditional fertilizer market.

1, performance and characteristics

Nitrogen fertilizer can be divided into ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, amide nitrogen fertilizer and modified long-acting and slow-release nitrogen fertilizer according to the form of nitrogen nutrients contained therein. As shown in the following table:

Nitrate nitrogen (NO3-) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+) are the two main forms of nitrogen uptake by plants. In soil, ammonium nitrogen is mainly adsorbed by soil colloids and also in soil solution. Ammonia volatilization is its The main loss route. Nitrate nitrogen is mainly found in soil solutions, and leaching and denitrification are the main ways to lose. (As shown below). As a nitrogen source of plants, ammonium nitrogen must be combined with organic acids as soon as possible after entering the plant to form an amino acid or an amide. The accumulation of ammonium nitrogen is toxic to plants. After the nitrate nitrogen enters the plant body, part of it is reduced to ammonium nitrogen, and the rest can be temporarily stored in the liquid cells of the cell. Its characteristics are fast fertilizer efficiency.

The nitro compound fertilizer is a high-concentration compound fertilizer with N+P205+K20>40% produced by the secondary processing of fertilizer by adding ammonium nitrate as a nitrogen source and adding a compound fertilizer such as phosphorus and potassium.

Nitro compound fertilizer is a high-concentration compound fertilizer containing ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus. Compared with traditional compound fertilizer, it has fast fertilizer efficiency, high absorption rate and anti-soil compaction. Compared with urea, the nutrient loss is less, and the urinary nitrogen (amide nitrogen) can be absorbed by the crops after it becomes ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. In the process of transformation, part of the uranium nitrogen is lost, causing fertilizer. The loss has polluted the ecological environment. Nitrate nitrogen can be directly absorbed by the roots of the crop without secondary transformation. Nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is widely used in the base fertilizer and top dressing of various crops, and is suitable for various types of soil, so it is strongly supported by the national industrial policy.

2, the production process

There are three methods for producing nitro compound fertilizer: solid agglomerate method, partial slurry method and melt granulation method. The nitro compound fertilizer produced by melt granulation method can directly add ammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and potassium chloride by using molten ammonium nitrate. After the composite fertilizer raw materials and explosion-proof additives, a mixed melt is formed, which is agglomerated into particles after cooling in the granulation process, and gradually solves the technical problems of poor flow of the high-viscosity solid-liquid mixture, easy clogging of the granulation nozzle, and explosion-proof of the product. Suitable for industrial continuous production, it is currently the most widely used.

Compared with other production methods of nitro-compounding fertilizer, the advantages of the melt granulation method are as follows: (1) The ammonium nitrate solution produced by the ammonium nitrate device can be directly used, and the secondary transportation and secondary pulverization of ammonium nitrate are omitted. It not only simplifies the process, but also minimizes energy consumption and production cost, and also ensures the safety of production; 2 melt granulation makes full use of the heat generated by the ammonium nitrate melt, and the mixed melt has low moisture content. No need for drying process, saving a lot of energy, and low investment in equipment construction and operation; 3 high percentage of qualified finished granules, less material return during production, good operating environment, no three waste discharge, is a clean production process; Producing high-nitrogen, high-concentration nitro-nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the product particles have smooth surface, high pass rate, no agglomeration, stable composition, uniform nutrient and strong market competitiveness.

2.1 nitro compound fertilizer process

1) Neutralization and concentration: dilute nitric acid (45%) enters the neutralizer after being metered by the nitric acid high level tank and the flow meter. The ammonia gas enters the preheater after passing through the ammonia buffer tank, and then enters the neutralizer by steam heating, and Nitric acid is neutralized and the reaction equation is as follows:

NH3 (gas) + HNO3 → NH4NO3 + Q (heat)

The ammonium nitrate solution formed by the reaction is evaporated to about 65% of w(NH4NO3) by the reaction heat in the neutralizer. The solution utilizes a difference in position, and after self-flowing, it flows into the re-neutralizer, and then ammonia gas is added to react with excess nitric acid in the solution to make the solution slightly alkaline.

The ammonium nitrate solution in the re-energizer was sucked into a vaporizer by a vacuum generated by a water jet pump and concentrated in a vacuum. Control a section of the evaporator outlet ammonium nitrate solution w (NH4NO3) into the second-stage evaporator at about 70%, concentrate with 1.1MPa saturated steam, control the outlet w (NH4NO3) about 92%, and then enter the ammonium nitrate solution through the two-stage separator The tank was pumped into a three-stage evaporator (located in the upper part of the granulation tower) using an ammonium nitrate solution, concentrated in a vacuum using 1.1 MPa of saturated steam, concentrated, and sent to a mixing tank.

2) Evaporation granulation: solid monoammonium phosphate is sent to the top of the granulation tower, weighed by belt and then preheated, then added to the ammonium nitrate mixing tank, and the mixed melt is sent to the differential granulation nozzle, the melt The droplets are in contact with the cold air in the granulation tower. After natural cooling, the granules of 2~5mm are formed and sent to the finished hopper through the bottom belt conveyor, and then packed into the warehouse after being packed by the automatic packaging scale.

3. Prospect of nitro compound fertilizer market

Domestic ammonium nitrate production enterprises have made a lot of research and development work on the modification of ammonium nitrate. The nitro-complex fertilizers such as calcium ammonium nitrate and ammonium nitrate have developed rapidly and occupied some domestic fertilizer market. According to the agricultural needs of China and the current variety pattern of fertilizers, the development prospect of nitro fertilizers is broad. The important role of nitric acid and nitro compound fertilizer industry in China's agricultural development has once again attracted people's attention.

China's annual production capacity of ammonium nitrate is about 4 million tons. Among them, agricultural ammonium nitrate is about 1.8 million tons, and civil explosive explosives industry is about 2 million tons. At present, there are not many compound fertilizer enterprises that can have ammonium nitrate resources in China, and enterprises that can produce nitro compound fertilizer will be in a long period of time. Maintain a dominant position in time. The country has recently cancelled the export tariff of ammonium nitrate. The nitro compound fertilizer has ushered in an absolute positive. It is estimated that there will be an annual output of 1.2 million tons of ammonium nitrate resources to the production of agricultural nitro compound fertilizer.

Compared with the production of urea-based compound fertilizer and sulfur-based compound fertilizer, ammonium nitrate modified production of nitro compound fertilizer investment province, short process, can be flexible according to the needs of different crops and fertilizer market, the added compound fertilizer raw materials The adjustment of a set of production equipment can produce different types of compound fertilizers with different nutrient elements and composition ratios, so the current enterprises are generally optimistic about their development prospects. At the time of structural adjustment of fertilizer products in China, foreign fertilizers and product structure are also in full swing. Especially in Europe, a lot of research on nitro-compound fertilizer, nitro-compound fertilizer on crop yield increase, quality improvement and soil The degree of harm is much better than other types of compound fertilizer. Therefore, nitro compound fertilizer has been widely used in developed countries such as Europe and North America, and has been one of the main fertilizer varieties, and has become a symbol of new agricultural science fertilization. At present, the composition of nitrogen fertilizer in China is still dominated by urea, and the degree of compounding of basic fertilizer is only 15% to 20%, while the world average is 50%, and developed countries are as high as 80%. The Ministry of Agriculture requires that the compounding rate of fertilizers in China will reach 50% in 2010. With the continuous improvement of the compounding rate of domestic fertilizers, the annual demand for nitro-compound fertilizers is expected to increase year by year.

According to China's soil structure and soil characteristics, the National Development and Reform Commission has included nitro-compound fertilizers as a key product to encourage development. The insiders analyzed that China's 700 million mu of cultivated land is suitable for the application of nitro-complex fertilizer, with an annual demand of about 30 million tons, and the current annual production capacity is about 2.5 million tons, plus about 8.5 million tons of projects under construction, there are still nearly 20 million tons. The market gap around. In particular, there is a huge potential market for nitro-compound fertilizer in western China. Only during the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” period, Shaanxi apple planting requires 6.4 million tons of nitro-compound fertilizer. Nitro-compound fertilizer is also suitable for western areas such as Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia. Arid saline alkaline soil. At the same time, the modified production of nitro-compound fertilizer is the only way for nitric acid and ammonium nitrate production enterprises to resolve the risk of single product, and to adjust the product structure. Compared with other varieties of compound fertilizer, it has certain price advantage and profit margin. Therefore, China's nitro compound fertilizer market has a broad development space.

Although the advantages of nitro-complex fertilizer are very obvious, at present, the output of more than 20 domestic nitro-complex fertilizer enterprises is not large, and the promotion is not enough. Many domestic markets such as Hubei and Henan are still blank, so the production enterprises should be Brand promotion and market promotion have made more efforts, so that the promotion of nitro-compound fertilizer will form a relatively strong market demand in China as soon as possible, thus effectively improving the allocation of chemical fertilizer resources and promoting the rationalization of agricultural fertilization levels in China.

4. Introduction of main nitrate nitrogen fertilizers

5, nitro fertilizer characteristics and use precautions

1 Nitrogen product features

1, rapid onset: rapid promotion of crop growth, 3 days effective.

2, significant increase in production: high fertilizer utilization rate, compared with the same amount of single nitrogen fertilizer, increased yield of 8-25%.

3, optimization of quality: can significantly increase the content of protein, soluble sugar, vitamins, improve the color of the taste.

4. Drought and water retention: Enhance the drought and water retention capacity of crops and increase the yield of dry land.

5. Activated soil: resist soil compaction and effectively improve soil conditions.

2 Nitrogen use contraindications

1. Because nitrate nitrogen is very soluble in water, it is easy to be lost. It should not be used in paddy fields and rainy areas in the south; it is not suitable to apply large water before or after heavy rain in dry land.

2. Nitrate nitrogen fertilizer should not be mixed with organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizers contain more organic matter, and in the case of nitrate-nitrogen fertilizers, nitrification occurs under the action of denitrifying bacteria, and nitrogen is lost.

3. Nitrate nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied in rice fields. Nitrate is lost with water and reduces fertilizer efficiency. Under anaerobic conditions, nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is easily decomposed by denitrifying bacteria to cause nitrogen loss.

4. Due to the good solubility of the nitro compound fertilizer, it is easy to cause the salt concentration in the soil solution to be too high, causing the burning seedling phenomenon, and pay attention to the isolation of the seed fertilizer when using.

5. Apply nitrate-based compound fertilizer to fruit trees and vegetables.

6. When applying on the fruit tree (ditch application), pay attention to a layer of soil and a layer of soil, and mix the soil and fertilizer; apply it on the vegetable crops in the greenhouse, and apply once every 15 days, the dosage should not exceed 30-40 kg/mu.

7. Nitro-compound fertilizer should generally be stopped 20 days before crop harvesting to avoid excessive nitrite in crops. (Organic Fertilizer Agrochemicals)

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