First, the situation facing wheat in this fall

The unfavorable factors faced by wheat in this fall are:

First, the drought is serious and the bottom is insufficient. This year, there is less rainfall during the volatilization period, and there is insufficient supplementation for deep-buried earthworms. The soil volume of 2 meters of soil is less, which is unfavorable to drought-resistance and high-yield wheat breeding in this fall and next year. According to the meteorological department's forecast, due to the El Nino phenomenon, on the basis of the drought, there may be drought in summer, autumn and winter. We must establish the idea of ​​drought seeding and drought and harvest.

Second, the autumn crops are affected by drought, and the maturation period is earlier. Autumn crops were planted early and the growth period was ahead of schedule. In addition, the rainfall in July and August was small and the drought was heavy. A few autumn crops were affected by drought. It is expected that the autumn crops will mature earlier. This may lead to early sowing of wheat, the formation of a large age of wheat, large groups, Mai Miao Wang situation, not only is not conducive to drought, but also is not conducive to cold resistance, increase the difficulty of management. At the same time, corn matures earlier and the moisture content of straw decreases, which has a certain impact on straw comminution and returning quality.

The third is the equalization of water-saving and high-yield products, and the improvement of the target. The over-exploitation of groundwater in our province is serious and the groundwater level has dropped significantly. To solve the problem of over-exploitation of groundwater, saving water in wheat is a top priority. Wheat is also the main ration for the people. We must ensure total production, save water, and ensure production. This raises higher demands.

Fourth, the area of ​​wheat is shrinking, and the total production is more difficult. In the past two years, the land transfer rate in our province has been accelerating. Due to the relatively low benefit of grain production, there is a clear trend for large contracting farmers to replant higher yielding crops. Taihang Mountains and hilly areas are restricted by watering conditions and the area of ​​planting wheat is significantly reduced. In order to control over-exploitation of groundwater, our province will also take the initiative to reduce the area of ​​wheat in Heilonggang District. With reduced planting area, it is more difficult to ensure the stability and increase of the total wheat production.

Although the situation facing wheat planting this year is relatively severe, the favorable conditions are also more obvious. The first is high seed quality. This year, the maturity of wheat is high, the grain is full, and the seed quality is high, which is beneficial to the whole wheat seedlings and the seedlings. The second is that wheat prices continue to rise. It is conducive to mobilizing the enthusiasm of farmers. Third, the fertilizer price is stable. The overall trend is that nitrogen fertilizer continues to decline, phosphate fertilizer is basically flat, potassium fertilizer slightly rises, and compound fertilizer decreases.

Second, the key technology of wheat in this fall

Wheat sowing in this fall should be based on drought-resistant sowing, and the selection of water-saving and drought-resistant varieties should be the premise. We must seize the key to the matching of agronomy and agronomy, implement standardized sowing techniques, and implement comprehensive countermeasures to lay a foundation for nurturing pre-winter seedlings and harvesting next year's wheat harvest. basis.

(I) Prominently promote the "four items" key technology

1. Use water-saving products with stable production. The selection of superior seeds is the key to achieving high yield in wheat. According to the inspections of various natural disasters in recent years, it is necessary to select superior seeds and to rationally distribute them, and it is also necessary to match cultivation measures. It is necessary to use medium-early-maturing varieties as the premise, highlight the promotion and application of water-saving, stable production, and high-yield varieties.

2. Plant seedlings for planting techniques. Planting seeds is the key measure to ensure the completeness of wheat seedlings, and it is also an important basis for implementing water-saving cultivation. This year is not only insufficient at the end of the year, but it is expected that there will be less rainfall in the fall and it will be more important to ensure adequate planting. When wheat is sown, it is necessary to grasp the suitable surface moisture, and the soil moisture in the plough layer is above 18%. If there is no large rainfall during the late stage of mature corn, it is necessary to pour enough water to ensure adequate planting. When corn matures late, maize is planted and planted, supplementing deep water.

3. Strong suppression technology after broadcast. Suppression after sowing can effectively crush the rubbish, solid soil, enhance the contact between seeds and soil, increase the emergence rate, play a role in both drought and cold, reduce the impact of drought and frost damage. To suppress the soil surface before sowing after sowing, special repressor is used for repression. All localities should have sufficient number of repression machinery based on the wheat sown area, agricultural machinery operation time, and workload, and strive to achieve full coverage after repression.

4. Deep-swirling and layered mixed fertilization techniques. Wheat nutrients at the bottom of fertilizer accumulation in the plough layer, especially the poor mobility of phosphorus fertilizer, deep phosphorus elements dropped sharply, and the roots of wheat under the deeper does not correspond to the low nutrient utilization. Deep-rotation and rotary-plough layered mixed fertilization technology combines deep-slow and deep-fertilization to achieve the comprehensive effect of increasing water storage, breaking the plow bottom layer, and deepening the bottom fertilizer, and is the need to achieve high-yield, super-high-yield production.

(II) Full implementation of the "ten items" conventional technology

1. Straw field preparation technology. Fine soil preparation is one of the main basic measures to ensure Miao Qi, Miao Quan and Miao Miao. The quality of straw returned to the field is directly related to the quality of soil preparation and the emergence of seedlings. After harvesting, the corn must be crushed in time when the moisture content of the straw is high. The straw must be finely crushed and the length should be controlled below 10 cm to strive for 3-5 cm. Rotary tillage depth should be as much as 15 cm or more and rotary tillage 2 times. During the land preparation, it is necessary to grasp the time according to the public opinion and reach the requirements for land formation, application of virtual reality, and lack of transparency.

2. Add base fertilizer and seedling technology. Appropriate addition of base fertilizer, cultivation of pre-winter strong seedlings, alleviate the contradiction between water and nutrients in the spring management, and strive for active management of the spring. It is necessary to change the passive fertilization habits of applying chemical fertilizers when there is insufficient base fertilizer and no base fertilizer but watering before winter. High-yield fields must master the total application of phosphorus and potassium. Nitrogen accounts for 50% to 60% of the total nitrogen applied in the whole growth period. Based on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and micro-reasonable use, the techniques of soil testing and fertilizer application are vigorously promoted. Generally, 6-8 kilograms of pure nitrogen, 7-9 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, 5-7 kilograms of potassium oxide in potassium-deficient wheat fields, and organic fertilizers are recommended.

3. Wheat seed dressing technology. The seed dressing of pesticides is an effective measure to prevent insect pests and soil-borne and plant-borne diseases, and to ensure the protection of seedlings. In recent years, soil pests in local areas have become more serious and soil-borne diseases have spread. However, there are still some problems such as "heavy insects and minor diseases" or poor targeting in production. It is necessary to popularize the techniques of seed coating and pesticide seed dressing. According to the main diseases and insect pests in the area, choose the pesticides for the roads, and focus on prevention and control of pests such as scattered smut, full-bleeding disease, and underground pests.

4. Properly scheduled late broadcast control technology. Within the appropriate sowing date, the appropriate delay in the sowing date can not only achieve pre-winter seedlings, but also help reduce the pre-winter water transpiration, achieve water-saving and drought resistance, reduce pre-winter seedlings, and enhance the ability to resist cold. The possibility of early sowing of wheat this year is so great that early sowing must be eliminated. According to many years of production practice and climate change, the sowing date of the southern wheat region should be held on October 8-18, the central wheat area is held on October 5-13, and the northern wheat area is held on October 1-8. It is necessary to emphasize timely late sowing and prevent premature sowing resulting in over-ageing of the leaves, large populations, and reduced resistance to cold and drought.

5. Sowing broadcast matching technology. The matching of sowing time sowing is the key to achieve a reasonable group structure before winter and strive for the final ideal number of acres. Many years of practice have proved that the number of population spikes is more assured in the years when the amount of broadcast is sufficient and reasonable, and the realization of increasing production is even greater. In the suitable sowing period, Suizhongnan should master 200,000 - 250,000 acres of basic seedlings, and the east and north wheat areas should be controlled between 250,000 - 300,000; after reaching the suitable period, they should increase 0.5 kg sowing every night for broadcast. Sowing period of broadcast matching.

6. The line of full density planting technology. Such techniques as full density cultivation can effectively use land resources, light and heat resources, reduce the impact of seedlings and ridges, improve the individual structure of the group, increase the number of population spikes, and increase production. We vigorously promoted planting methods such as 12-15 cm planting in the form of full density planting; demonstrating uniform planting techniques without ridges. All localities should plan early, start hands early, adjust the seeder form, and support planting machinery, and strive to achieve full coverage of full-scale planting.

7. Mechanical fine seeding technology. Mechanical fine sowing is the key to ensuring uniform seedlings, seedlings and seedlings. To grasp the sowing speed, slow speed at a constant speed, 4-5 kilometers per hour; to grasp a reasonable broadcast depth, generally 3-5 cm. Through fine seeding, the phenomenon of lack of seedlings, ridges, and seedlings is reduced.

8. Fall control weed technology. In recent years, vicious weeds in the grassland have developed in an island-like pattern in some areas of our province and have a great impact on wheat yield. The peasant people only pay attention to weed control in the spring and neglect the prevention and control in the fall, and miss the best period of prevention and control of grass weeds. We must do a good job in propaganda and launch efforts to prevent and control grass weeds in the three-leaf period.

9. Safe winter wheat technology. Before the winter season in the north central wheat area, it is necessary to pour frozen water to ensure safe winter wheat. In the south-central wheat area, there are sufficient bottom mulches, post-suppression sowing, and after raining, wheat fields with good soil moisture content can be frozen. If the fall is dry and there is not enough soil moisture before wintering, the frozen water should be poured. Thin sand should generally be well-sealed frozen water.

10. Classified promotion control management technology. For the wheat fields with a long growing trend before winter, mechanical repression or chemical control measures can be taken before the winter; for the deficiency of the base fertilizer, the weakness of the seedlings can be combined with watering, and the amount of fertilizer can be appropriately applied.

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