Water and fertilizer integration technology is a new agricultural technology that integrates irrigation and fertilization. The integration of water and fertilizer is based on the pressure system (or topography natural drop), the soluble solid or liquid fertilizer, according to the soil nutrient content and the fertilizer requirements and characteristics of the crop type, with the fertilizer liquid and irrigation water, through the controllable pipeline After water supply and fertilization are combined, water and fertilizer are combined to form drip irrigation, uniform, time, and quantitatively through pipes and drippers, which infiltrate the root growth area of ​​the crop, so that the main root soil always maintains loose and appropriate water content, and according to different The characteristics of fertilizer requirements for crops, the status of soil environment and nutrient content, the demand for water at different growth stages of crops, and the requirements for fertilizers are designed for the needs of different growth periods, and the water and nutrients are quantified at regular intervals and directly provided to crops in proportion.

The advantage of this technology is that the fertigation effect of irrigation and fertilization is fast and nutrient use efficiency is increased. It can avoid the volatilization loss, slow dissolution, and slow effect of fertilizers applied to the relatively dry topsoil; in particular, it avoids the problems of ammonium and urea nitrogen fertilizers on surface volatilization loss, saving both nitrogen fertilizer and environmental benefits. protection. Therefore, water and fertilizer integration technology has greatly increased the utilization of fertilizers. According to the research, the fertigation and fertilization system saves 50% to 70% of the fertilizer compared with conventional fertilization, and at the same time greatly reduces the water pollution caused by excessive fertilization in facilities vegetables and orchards. As the water and fertilizer integration technology is regulated by humans and meets the needs of the crops during the key growth period, “eat and drink enough”, and eliminates any symptoms of deficiency, the production and quality of the crop can achieve good goals.

Water and fertilizer integration is a comprehensive technology that involves many aspects such as farmland irrigation, crop cultivation, and soil cultivation. The main technical requirements must pay attention to the following four aspects:

First, establish a drip irrigation system

In terms of design, the depth, length, and area of ​​the irrigated area should be designed according to the basic conditions such as the terrain, fields, units, soil texture, crop planting methods, and water source characteristics. The irrigation mode of water and fertilizer integration can be used for pipe irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, micro-sprinkler irrigation, pump pressure drip irrigation, gravity drip irrigation, infiltration irrigation, and small tube outflow. In particular, avoid using flood irrigation, which is likely to cause loss of nitrogen, but also reduce water use efficiency.

Second, fertilization system

In the field, it should be designed for quantitative fertilization, including the location of tanks and compost tanks, capacity, outlets, fertilization pipes, distributor valves, and pump fertilizer pumps.

Third, choose the type of fertilizer

Optional liquid or solid fertilizer, such as ammonia, urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate and other fertilizers; solid powder or small Block is the first choice, requiring strong water solubility, containing less impurities, generally should not use granular compound fertilizer (including Chinese and foreign products); if using biogas slurry or humic acid liquid fertilizer, must be over-leakage, so as not to block the pipeline.

IV. Operation of irrigation and fertilization

1. Fertilizer Dissolving and Mixing: It is not necessary to stir or mix liquid fertilizers. Generally, solid fertilizers need to be mixed with water to form liquid fertilizers, and they can be separated if necessary to avoid problems such as sedimentation.

2. Fertilizer amount control: The dose should be mastered during fertilization, and the appropriate concentration for injecting fertilizer solution is about 0.1% of the irrigation flow rate. For example, the irrigation flow is 50m3/mu, and the infusion fertilizer is about 50L/mu; excessive application may cause crops to die and environmental pollution.

3. The process of irrigation and fertilization is divided into three stages: in the first stage, water without fertilizer is used for moisturizing; in the second stage, fertilizer solution is used for irrigation; in the third stage, the irrigation system is cleaned with fertilizer-free water.

In a word, the integration of water and fertilizer technology is an advanced and practical technology for cost-saving and efficiency enhancement. In the conditional agricultural areas, as long as the early-stage investment is resolved, and there is technical support, promotion and application will become an effective measure to increase agricultural income. .

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