The Chuanzhu community is located in the center of Sanhe Town. The three-dimensional climate is very obvious. The altitude is between 600 and 1200 meters. Winter has a cold climate. In 2014, local villagers concentrated on transferring 470 acres of wasteland, and established a seasonal fruit picking park for the main season of Sichuan. At present, fruit trees such as cherries, sorghum, plums and pears have been planted in the park. Most of the fruit trees have been put into production, and farmers have increased their income.

Right now, in the winter, why are the fruit trees frozen and how should they be protected from freezing? What should they do after being frozen? In response to these problems, local growers and agricultural technicians explained to the author one by one.

Frozen cause

"To do a good job of fruit tree frost damage management will not only help increase fruit production, but also help improve fruit quality." Chen Qinglong said that due to the cold weather in winter, most of the fruit trees are vulnerable to cold, but some trees are very light or not frozen This is because there are many reasons why fruit trees are frozen.

Varieties of different types of fruit trees, the degree of frost damage is different. Apricot trees and jujube trees are apt to be subjected to freezing injury due to their early deciduous and low cortical water content. However, cherry trees are prone to freezing injury due to late leaves, strong growth, and high water content in the cortex.

The age and age of the same fruit tree are different at different tree ages. Young, vigorously growing trees are more likely to suffer freezing damage than big trees and strong trees, and freezing is also more serious.

The extent of frost damage in different parts of the fruit tree is also different. When frost damage occurs in fruit trees, the water content is high, and the windward surface is severely affected by freezing. The branches and branches are severely frozen due to icy snow and ice. Mature branches are more resistant to freezing and flower buds are more susceptible to freezing.

The topography of fruit trees grows on different terrains and is affected by different degrees of frost damage. In high-lying and arid areas, fruit trees suffer from cold damage; in low-lying areas and poorly drained areas, fruit trees are seriously affected by freezing.

The management and protection of fruit and agriculture management are also in place and affect the freezing of fruit trees. The management of the fruit grower is fine, the application of phosphorus and potash fertilizer, water control in the later period, fruit trees in time for falling leaves, stout growth, strong resistance to freezing damage; extensive management of fruit and vegetables, partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, watering more later, fruit tree branches are lengthy, not full, then the ability to freeze resistance difference.

Defense against freezing damage

The local agricultural technicians told the author that the prevention of frost damage should be based on different conditions such as the cultivation of fruit trees, the environment, and the age of the trees. The specific measures are as follows:

When planting fruit trees, the hardy-resistant trees should be selected according to the local climatic conditions and planted trees that are suitable for growing in the area and have strong cold resistance.

When planting fruit trees for planting, it is best to choose those places with high topography, good drainage, small wind, and thick soil.

When constructing a shelter forest When constructing an orchard, a protective forest or windbreak wall can be built on the windward side of the orchard to reduce the wind speed and increase the temperature in the park.

Diligent in the management In the later period of fruit tree growth, apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, with little or no nitrogen fertilizer, to promote shoot bud maturation and tree robustness; strengthen pest control, protect leaves, increase photosynthesis and efficacy, increase nutrient substance Accumulation improves resistance to overwintering.

In addition, winter pruning can be postponed until the spring sprouting for young trees and trees with poor frost resistance. In late mid-November, the trees that were not promptly deciduous were sprayed with ethephon to promote defoliation, forcing them to enter dormancy as soon as possible.

“In the winter, we must pay attention to listening to the local weather forecast. When cooling down significantly, we must promptly adopt protective measures such as tying straw rope to the trunk, wrapping plastic film, building trees, and cooling the water. When the rain is over, we must promptly clean the trees. The snow will prevent freezing..." Chen Qinglong said that if there is a pest in fruit trees, don't cut them in winter. After germinating in the second spring, pruning should be based on frost conditions, followed by light shear, long bloom, less flower buds, and reduced load. the rules.

Special measures

"When winter comes, for those trees that are poor in cold resistance, there is a more effective measure to shave the skin and whiten the fruit trees to ensure that the fruit trees are healthy and healthy," said Chen Qinglong.

Skinning Objects Apples, pears, peaches, grapes, walnuts, and other fruit trees are susceptible to rough skin. Therefore, if these trees are adult trees over 10 years old, they must be shaved. Scratches bark, cracks, rot spots, and ring spots on trunks and stems.

The scraping time of the scraping should be carried out in the middle and late winter, when the temperature is higher. Squeezing the skin prematurely, after peeling off the old rough skin, exposes the tender skin to be susceptible to freezing and affects the safe wintering of the fruit trees. When the scraping skin is too late, the sap begins to flow, and the pathogenic bacteria begin to spread, which does not achieve the effect of controlling pests and diseases.

Scratch depth to grasp the depth of scraping skin, the general tree as long as the scrape off the old rough skin, cracking skin, the depth is not white to be appropriate, to avoid damage to the endothelial layer. Strong tree vigor can scratch deeper, weaker tree vigor should be lighter. Fruit trees with rot and dry rot should be scraped from the diseased skin to the wooden layer, and the knife edge should be smooth. The bark should be scraped into a diamond shape to facilitate the wound healing in spring.

After scraping, whitening and scraping the skin and then applying the whitening agent to brush it again can not only reduce the frost damage, but also eliminate the overwintering pests in the bark and cracks, and reduce the occurrence of sunburn.

The specific formula for the whitening agent is: 12 parts of quicklime, 3 parts of lime sulfur solution, 1 part of salt, 2 parts of flour and enough water.

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