The Roots of Harmful Effects of Fruit Trees Rotten Root Caused by Shi Zhi Fang
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First, the reason why the fruit trees rot
1. For long-term fertilizers, fruit trees are the first to suffer. The long-term application of diammonium, urea, potassium sulfate, compound fertilizers, and compound fertilizers and other chemical fertilizers have destroyed the soil and caused many catastrophic problems for fruit trees.
1 The organic matter in the soil is severely depleted, and many organic orchards have fallen below 0.6%. Beneficial bacteria have lost their living environment. Harmful pathogens have multiplied and the root system has been attacked by fungi, causing rot and dead trees.
2 Due to the severe scarcity of organic matter in the soil, soil compaction, poor ventilation, and strong root growth are affected.
3 The soil is seriously acidified, especially the phenomenon of manganese poisoning in gravel and mountainous terrain is becoming increasingly serious.
4 Long-term excessive nitrogen fertilizer causes limbs to grow in size, and results in serious annual results. The tree vigor is prosperous but not strong, and rot disease is serious.
5 long-term attention to a large number of elements, ignoring the application of trace nutrients, trace elements in the soil is severely depleted, serious physiological diseases, fruit quality decline.
2. A large number of non-fermented and decomposed farmyard manures are used to cause a large number of rot-root dead trees, livestock, and poultry manure to be directly applied to orchard soil. The large number of pathogens, pests, and salt carried by them will affect the root system. Severe damage is caused, and severe cases can cause crushed trees. In order to save labor and labor, it is also a common phenomenon to fill the holes with the fertilizer, cover the soil behind the ditch, and burn the roots.
The roots of general fruit trees, the main distribution layer in the 20-80 cm below the surface, concentrated distribution layer about 40 cm below the surface. In the past few years, some fruit farmers had saved labor and labor, digging trenches to fertilize more and more shallowly, and even sprinkled fertilizers on the ground or waited for rain. The roots go along with the fertility. Year after year, the roots of the fruit trees are introduced to the surface. They are neither drought nor impatient, and are not conducive to the absorption and utilization of fertilizers. The serious consequences of the roots tending to the earth's surface are the deterioration of the stress resistance of the fruit trees. In the event of drought, flooding, and freezing, it is easy to cause dead trees and dead trees.
3. The long-term abandonment of soil management has exacerbated the long-term management of the soil board results. Spring and summer grass all depend on herbicides, only weeds are destroyed, and the aeration of the soil cannot be dredged. As a result, the living soil layer is in a state of serious consolidation for a long time. After the rain, the soil is poorly ventilated, and the roots suffocate and a large number of fallen leaves are suffocated.
4. The serious shortage of nutrients in tree storage is the main cause of rot disease. Investigation found that normally strengthened orchard management, spraying and leaf protection, topdressing in summer, base fertilizer in autumn, all management is in place, and the tree is kept in sufficient storage and nutritious. , winter and spring rot disease rarely, fruit set rate is high, young fruit expansion is very fast, new shoots thick, thick and shiny leaves. The orchards that gave up management did not produce fertilizer in the summer and did not use basal fertilizer in the autumn. The tree’s nutrition was seriously deficient, resulting in the flooding of rot diseases. Some of the fruit trees blossomed and shrank on the trees, and there were few fruit trees and dried yellow leaves. It can be seen that the use of basal fertilisers in the autumn and adequate storage of nutrients in the winter are the key to maintaining the robustness of the tree and resisting the infection of rot. It is also the basis for guaranteeing the high yield and quality of the fruit in the following year. Therefore, many experts say that: autumn Shijifei is "gold", winter Shijifei is "silver", spring Shijifei is "broken copper and rotten iron."
5. Drainage facilities are blocked, drainage is not smooth and internal drainage is used. There is a drainage ditch in the head of the orchard. After the heavy rains, the drainage will be smooth and water will not be accumulated. In recent decades, some landfill drains have been filled in, and a few fruit trees have been planted, or access to tricycles has been facilitated, and drains have been filled. These have caused paralysis in orchards. If the roots of fruit trees have been seriously damaged and soaked in water for a long time, the loss of absorption function, coupled with long-term high-temperature evaporation, will become an important cause of the death of fallen leaves, fruit drop, and fruit trees.
Second, the response to the dead tree roots
1. Change the fertilization consciousness, get out of the error of chemical fertilizers and promote the use of farmyard fertilizers, especially the application of high-quality bio-organic fertilizer. If nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are insufficient, compound fertilizer can be used as supplement; it is recommended to increase trace element fertilizer, liquid silicon fertilizer, and spray foliar silicon fertilizer; vigorously promote the burying of defoliation, weeds and straw of fruit trees. Underground, improve the ventilation of the soil.
Farmyard manure, including humans, livestock, and poultry manure, must be contaminated with soil, fully fermented and cooked before application. Farmyard chicken manure, pig manure, cow dung, etc. due to hormones, fire alkali, more salt, must be mixed with soil after full fermentation and decomposed after application, and fruit trees should not be applied over the years.
Currently sold on the market, the brand products of Tianfeng Wofengkang bio-organic fertilizer and dandelion brand bio-organic fertilizer are rich in organic matter and nutrient-rich. It is a kind of nutrient-rich, multi-functional high-quality bio-organic fertilizer that can be vigorously promoted in fruit trees. Application. Mushi 600-800 kg. When nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are insufficient, Tianrill nitro-compound fertilizer containing medium and trace nutrients and rare earth elements is added, and 2-3 bags per acre are applied. Yuyuan brand liquid silicon fertilizer is the only silicon fertilizer that can be absorbed by crops and has the functions of strengthening roots, enhancing root absorption, transporting and promoting fruit production and quality. Should be combined with water spraying and foliar spray.
However, it should be noted that all compound fertilizers such as compound fertilizers produced from ammonium chloride and potassium chloride, compound fertilizers, and organic-inorganic compound fertilizers must be banned on fruit trees.
2. Improve fertilization methods, strengthen soil management Apply fermented and cooked farmyard fertilizers, and carefully spread them to the soil to prevent over-concentration of the trenches and to burn the roots. The application of bio-organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer, whether it is circular or radial trenching, must pay attention to:
1 More radial trenching (8-10).
2 Longer ring ditching.
3 depth is deeper than 30 cm. Fertilizers make extensive contact with the roots of fruit trees. Fertilizer and soil should be well-mixed and then covered with soil to prevent fertilizers from compromising the roots of burns.
For soil management, it is necessary to insist that the whole orchard be done once a year in the spring to keep the live soil well ventilated and prevent the root system from being introduced to the surface. In spring and summer, herbicides should be used less frequently, and four-wheeled tillers should be used. In order to keep the topsoil loose, the soil can be well ventilated. In particular, in the face of continuous heavy rain, ventilation should be promptly conducted after the rain to prevent root suffocation from causing a large number of fallen leaves.
3. Applying base fertilizer in autumn to increase storage nutrition. To fully understand the fruit tree The winter tree has sufficient nutrition for storage, which is the basis for ensuring the robustness of the tree, and it is also the key to ensure the high yield and quality of the fruit in the following year. Harvested fruit trees such as cherries, apricots, peaches, plums, walnuts, grapes, early and mid ripe pears, apples, etc., will be completed in September. The fruit trees of hawthorn, Chinese chestnut and late-maturing varieties must be used for basal fertility after they are harvested in October. When the lye is good, they can also be used after the fall.
In order to reduce the labor intensity and labor expenses of topdressing in spring and summer, and to avoid root damage during the growing season, generally the soil with good water retention and fertilizer maintenance can be used in the autumn base fertilizer in accordance with the demand for production. In the 30-50 days before fruit ripening, Mu Chong Shi 40-80 kilograms of nitro compound fertilizer or 20 kilograms of high-potassium and low-nitrogen dandelion brand water soluble fertilizer.
4. Dredge the drainage system to prevent orchards from passing through the orchard within the orchard. Increase the height of the trunk by 15-20 centimeters to form a ridgeback shape to prevent water accumulation under the trees after heavy rain. The rows of fruit trees were remodeled into 15 to 20 centimeters below the canopy. The dry days can be watered smoothly, and the rows can be drained after heavy rain.
5. Strengthen the soil improvement, and scientifically replant the dead fruit trees of sapling roots. If the lower part belongs to the viscous soil, we must dig large holes and fill the holes with topsoil, sand and weeds, straw and other organic materials to create a loose living soil layer. In the fruit trees where the roots died, many harmful germs remain in the ground. Therefore, if small trees are planted, they will not easily survive, and even if they survive, they will not grow. It is necessary to apply 1-1.5 kilograms of Tianwei brand Wofengkang or dandelion brand bio-organic fertilizer each year, and water the root system with 1% EM bacteria or 1% silicon-powered water, which can play a role in deterring harmful bacteria and ensuring the healthy growth of young trees.