Identification of raw herbs

Character identification

The unopened cephalophores are irregularly short and sticky, single or 2-3 inflorescence bases connected, commonly known as "three flowers", 1-2.5cm long. The upper end is thicker, the lower end is tapered or has a short stem, and there is a majority of scaly bracts on the outside; the bracts are reddish purple or reddish on the outer surface, and the inner surface is densely covered with white flocculent hairs. Light body. After tearing, white filamentous wool is visible; ray flowers and cylindrical tubular flowers are small and approximately 2 mm long. Gas incense, taste slightly bitter; Xin; with sticky; chewing was cotton flocculent. It is better to use a large, fat, purplish red and short pedicel. Old wooden stems and flowering people are not available for medicinal use.

Microscopic identification

Powder characteristics: brown, fleece-like.

1, non-glandular hair more, very long, 1-4 cells, apical cells long, twisted coiled into groups, diameter 5-17μm, thin wall.

2. The glandular hairs are slightly stick-shaped, 104-216μm long, 16-52μm in diameter, slightly swollen in the shape of a head, and approximately 4-6 cells in size. The stalk produces multiple cells and 2 columns (lateral column 1).

3, the crown hair is a multi-branched branching hair, each branch single cell, apex acuminate.

4. The pollen grains are pale yellow, round in shape, and have a diameter of 28-40 μm. They have 3 holes and thick outer walls. The surface has a thorn that is 6 μm long.

5. The cells of the inner wall of the pollen sac are oblong in the surface view and have longitudinal thickened walls.

6. Epidermal surface view, cells are rectangular or similar polygonal, vertical thin wall or slightly thickened with a spherical, with a fine wavy horny texture; edges of the epidermis cells were villous. Infinitive stomatal style, 4-7 defensive cells.

7. Coarse corolla lobes, oblong in shape of inner epidermal cells with keratinous texture, and cell clusters near the center are more crumpled and slightly protruding.

8, stigmatic epidermal cells, the outer wall protrusion was nipple clearance, and some differentiated into short hair-like hair, thin wall.

9, Inflorescence axis thick-walled cells are rectangular, 17-28μm in diameter, slightly woody, with oblique pits.

10. Secretory cells, present in parenchyma, round or oblong, with yellow secretions.

11. The powder is loaded with cold hydrated chloral fluid. It can be seen that the inulin mass is in the shape of a room.

Physical and chemical identification

Take this product coarse powder 1g, set the Sab. extractor, extract with ethanol to the extract nearly colorless, concentrated to about 5ml, for the following tests:

1, take liquid shrinkage 1ml, set the water in the test tube, add a little magnesium powder, add 2-3 drops of hydrochloric acid, the solution was brownish. (Check flavonoids)

2, take liquid shrinkage 1ml, set the evaporating dish, the water bath was evaporated, the residual pool with chlorine letter 1ml dissolved, transferred to the test tube, along the wall slowly added concentrated sulfuric acid 1ml, so that two layers, chloroform layer was green fluorescence, Sulfuric acid layer shows red fluorescence. (check triterpene alcohol)

Food Additives

Food additives are compounds or natural substances added to food for the purpose of improving the color, aroma, and taste of food, as well as for the needs of anti-corrosion and processing technology. At present, there are 23 categories of food additives, with more than 2,000 varieties, including acidity regulators, anticaking agents, defoamers, antioxidants, bleaching agents, leavening agents, coloring agents, color retention agents, enzyme preparations, and flavor enhancers, nutritional fortifiers, preservatives, Sweeteners, thickeners, spices, etc.

Erythritol, Sweetener, Pigment, XOS , Carotene, fish oil

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