Character identification

The root is long and cylindrical, and the lower part is often branched. The length is 10-30cm and the diameter is l-2.5cm. Surface brown to gray-brown with longitudinal wrinkles and transverse lenticels. The cork is thin, often ruptured and recoiling, easily peeling off, exposing the yellow endothelium. Hard, not easily broken, broken section fiber. Slice thickness 3-6mm, cut yellow-white, with a radial texture. Gas slightly, bitter. Take a uniform, yellow and white section, the taste is extremely hard.

Microscopic identification

Root cross-section: The cork layer is 8 to 12 rows of cells, sometimes exfoliating. Phloem has many fiber constants to dozens of bundles. The formation of layers between the beam is not obvious. The xylem branches from the center outwards to 2 to 4 bundles. The xylem bundle catheters are arranged in columns 1 to 2 with a diameter of 72 μm. Wood fibers are often arranged tangentially. The ray has a width of 5 to 15 rows of cells, and there are a few fine catheters and fiber bundles scattered in the center. The parenchyma cells contain numerous starch grains and calcium oxalate crystals.

Powder characteristics: light yellow.

1 Many fibers are bundled, non-ligninized, straight or slightly curved, 11 to 27 μm in diameter, and the cells surrounding the fibers contain calcium oxalate crystals to form crystalline fibers.

2 The main catheter is a bordered tracheal catheter, light yellow or yellow, with a diameter of 27 to 126 μm. The bordered pits are oval and closely spaced, and some of the pits are connected in a line.

3 The cork cells have a polygonal view of the surface, overlapping layers, and irregular fine cracks on the surface of the peripheral wall.

4 The thin-walled cells are round or rectangular in shape, and some of the vertical walls are inconsistently beaded. The chest cavity contains fine calcium oxalate crystals up to 11 μm in length. In addition, there are numerous starch grains and a few stone cells.

chemical composition

Roots contain alkaloids: matrine, oxymatrine, N-oxysophocarpine, sophoridine, -allomatrine , dextrorotatory isomatrine (sophoranol), (+) sophoranol N-oxide, sophocarpine, levamisamine Sophoramine, N-methylcytisine, anagyrine, baptifoline. The root also contains a variety of flavonoids: kushenol A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O. Kuraridin, kuraridinol, kurarinol, neokurarinol, norkurarinol, isokurarinone, thorn handle For-mononetin, kurarinone, norkurarinone, methylkushenol C, lmaackiain, trilobite Trifolirhizin) and rtifolirhizin-6”-O-malonate, kushenin, isoanhy-droicaritin, and noranhydroicaritin ), xanthohumol, isoxanthohumol, luteolin-7-glucoside, and roots also contain triterpene saponins: sophoraflavoside ) I, II, III, IV, soyasaponin I and terpenoids: Paraquat (kushequinone) A. Aboveground part contains alkaloids: matrine, oxymatrine, dextrorotatory ones, isocarnitine, ellagicol, ellagic acid N-oxide, malonidine , euphylline, levorotatory-N-methylginine, levo-methylamine, levocarboxamide, dextro-N-oxidase, and the left-△ 7-dehydroamidamine △7-dehydrosophoramine, isosophocarpine, levo-13, 14 dehydro-drosophoridine, dextro-9a-hydroxy matrine, levorotatory -9a-hydroxysophocarpine, 9a-hydroxysophocarpine N-oxide, levo-7,8-dehydroabietine (7,8) -dehydrosophoramine), 9a-hydrox-ysophoramine, dimer of N-methyleyti-sine, sophoridine Hydrohmatine. Also contains 2-alkylchromone derivatives, among which 2-n-octadecyl-5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethylchromone (2-n-heneicosyl- 5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethyl chromone) and 2-n-tricosyl-5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethylchromone (2-n-tricosyl-5,7- Dihydroxy-6,8-dimethylchromone) is predominant, and 2-n-tridecyl-, 2-n-pentadecyl-, 2-positive 17 5-(7-dihydroxy-)-alkyl (2-n-heptadecyl)-, 2-n-nonadecyl, and 2-n-pentacosyl- 6,8-Dihydroxy-6,8-dimethyl chromone.

Flower contains alkaloids: d-matrine, d-oxomatrine, levo-7,11-dehydromatrine (7,11-dehydromatrine), d-5a, 9a-dihydroxy bitter Alkaloids (5a, 9a-dihydroxymatrine), L-oxomethyl, N-oxide, aldosterone, levo-9a-hydroxydipamine, dextrorocatechol, ellagicol-N - Oxide, Lupanine, Levo-Serpentine, Levo-Eriodoxine, Zuo-N-methylginine, Levobifoline, dextrorotatory - Mamanine, kuraranine, isokuraramine.

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