Non-pollution Nepeta cultivation techniques
Nepeta, also known as mustard, is an annual herb of the Labiatae family. The dried part of the ground is also known as Nepeta, and its inflorescence is called Nepeta spike. It is distributed in most parts of the country and is mainly produced in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Henan, Hebei, Jiangxi, Hunan and Hubei. Nepeta is rich in aromatic oils. It has the highest leaf content and delicious taste. Raw and cooked foods can be used, but it is often used as a cold condiment. Generally, the tender tip is used as a summer seasoning. It is spicy, tepid, stems and leaves, spikes can be used as medicine, has the efficacy of relieving the symptoms, dispersing wind, and removing rash, and can also be sterilized by insects. It is one of the commonly used Chinese herbal medicines and has broad market prospects; The quick results are a good project for farmers' friends to get rich. Based on years of practical experience, the author summarizes its pollution-free and efficient cultivation techniques for your reference. First, characteristics 1. Morphological Characteristics General plant height 70 to 90 cm, stems erect and growing, many branches, stems green, four prisms, white short hairs. Leaves opposite, base leaves sessile or subsessile, pinnately dehiscent to 3 to 5 pieces; lobes linear to linear-lanceolate, bluish-green, abaxially slightly gray-white, entire, easy to extract axillary buds between leaves The veins are not obvious. Spike-like umbels, flowers small, lavender, corolla lip; stamens 4, 2 strong, basal, 2-lobed. 4 nutlets, ovate or elliptic, smooth surface, brown. 2. Growth habits Nepeta is very adaptable, it is sunny and sunny, and it grows in a warm and humid environment. It does not require strict soil, and it can grow in general soil, but it grows better on loose and fertile soil. High temperature and rainy season, afraid of water. The seeds can germinate at 15 to 20°C, and the optimum temperature for growth is 20 to 25°C. High temperature, more cold, avoid continuous production. Second, Nepeta cultivation techniques 1. Soil preparation fertilization Nepeta sowing is relatively dense, fertilization is very inconvenient in the growing season, so after the land is selected, more base fertilizer should be applied, and more than 2,000 kg of organic fertilizer such as compost, manure or smoked soil can be applied per acre, and base fertilizer should be applied to the heavy crop. , Disable nitrate nitrogen fertilizer. Spread the basal evenly onto the ground and plow it to a depth of about 25 cm. After deep plowing, make a rake that is 1.2 meters wide and 10 centimeters high. After the earthworms are well prepared, in order to increase the germination rate of the seeds, the water should be poured and collapsed. After the soil is dry, it is then turned slightly. Soil treatment granules can be applied before turning to the ground to prevent the underground pests from harming the seeds and affecting the germination rate. The ground should not be too deep, 5 to 6 centimeters can be, after the leveling to be broadcast. 2. Propagation methods are generally propagated with seeds and sown in April. Seeds should be screened before sowing, picking out the impurities and damaged seeds, then soaking in water for 12 to 24 hours, drying and drying to a ventilated and dry place, which can speed up the internal metabolism of the seeds, enhance the viability, and increase the germination rate . Since the Nepeta seeds are small, in order to make the seeds more uniform, the appropriate amount of fine sand or fine soil can be mixed when the surface of the seeds is dry, and the ratio of seeds to sand is 3:1. Use a tool to open the ditch on the gills, the ditch is about 20 cm, and the ditch is about 5 cm deep. The seeds are sprinkled into the ditch, usually about 1 kilogram per acre. After sowing, the cover soil is 1 to 2 cm thick, and the foot is a little practical, and then iron stalks are used to keep the seeds in close contact with the soil. Watering after sowing, keeping the soil moist on the surface of the crop is beneficial to seedling emergence. After sowing, the soil temperature needs to be 10 to 15 days after emergence at 16 to 18°C. If the ground temperature is 19 to 25°C and the humidity is suitable, the seedlings can emerge in about 1 week, and the soil should be kept moist before and after emergence. 3. Field management of Nepeta cultivation 1 seedling Dingmiao. When the seedlings are 6 to 10 cm in height, the weak seedlings and young seedlings that have gone too densely. When the seedlings height 10 to 15 cm, 10 to 15 cm from the row spacing, 2 to 3 shoots will be given. If any seedlings are missing, the large seedlings and strong seedlings should be transplanted with the soil. It is best to select cloudy days for transplanting. Avoid doing it when the sun is strong. Move the seedlings as much as possible with the original soil. Water the seedlings in time for seedling survival. 2 weeding and weeding. Weeding and weed control are the key measures for the growth and development of Nepeta, mainly by loosening the soil, raising the soil temperature, regulating the soil moisture, and eradicating weeds [E.com.cn/], so as to promote root development and ensure the robust growth of seedlings. When the seedling height is about 5 cm, use a small hoe to loosen the soil to prevent root damage. In the seedling stage, cultivating should highlight the words “early, shallow, and fineâ€: “early†indicates that cultivating should be carried out in time after seedling; “shallow†means that the depth of cultivating can not exceed 5 cm to prevent root damage, injury, and run-in. "Fine" means that when cultivating, the depth is consistent and the soil is loose and fine. After the Nepeta enters the growth period, it must also be cultivated and weeded regularly to keep the soil loose and weed-free in the field. It should be carried out once every 20 days, or as the case may be, depending on the circumstances, the pod cultivation is inconvenient. Therefore, weeding or proper cultivating should be noted. ～2 times, it is inconvenient to carry loose soil after the general closure. The loose soil should be shallow to avoid damaging the roots. The cultivator should be carried out when the dryness of the soil is moderate. 3 fertilization irrigation and irrigation. In the seedling stage of Nepeta, more nitrogen fertilizer is needed. In order to promote the stalks, there should be more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. When the seedling height is 15 to 20 cm, some chemical fertilizers are sprinkled along the antegrade line, and 10 to 15 kg of urea and 25 to 40 kg of cake fertilizer are applied per mu. Seedlings should always be watered to facilitate growth. After becoming a plant, the drought-resistance ability can be enhanced, but watering is no longer required. However, in the summer, there is no drought, and the soil moisture content is below 8%. When the plants are in a state of wilting, light watering should be performed, and the amount of each watering should not be too large. Nepeta is most afraid of otters at this time. If there is too much rainwater, drain the water in the field in time to avoid causing diseases. When the seedling height is 20 to 25 cm, 10 kg of potassium chloride is applied and the ditch is applied. When the height of seedlings is more than 30 cm, 60 kg of cooked cakes are spread per acre, and a small amount of phosphorus and potash can be applied. In July, Nepeta enters the late growth stage. At this time, it is generally not managed in the field to allow it to grow naturally. This can inhibit reproductive growth, which is conducive to vegetative growth and increase yield and quality. 4. Pest control 1 rot. From July to August, the high-temperature, rain-dried Nepeta plant was prone to fungal infection. After infection, the shoot quickly wilted and the roots and rhizomes became black and rotted. Control methods: pay attention to drainage, treatment of soil with 70% of sodium propionate (dikeshone) 15 kg per hectare before sowing; in the initial stage of disease, use 500 times of pentachloronitrobenzene to water the rhizosphere. 2 Blight. Occurred in May to June, when it was cold and rainy, and the soil was very wet, it was easy to attack. In the early stages of the disease, watery spots were found on the shoots. The black spots expanded and became brown. The bases of the stems became thinner, and they fell to death. Control methods: use good seeds, strengthen field management, and do a good job of drainage work; in case of low temperature and rainy weather, spray Bordeaux multifluid 1:1∶100 times liquid, spray 10 times a day, spray 2 or 3 times; use 50% in the initial stage of disease. Thiophanate 1500 times liquid prevention. 3 black spot. The disease caused damage to the leaves, resulting in irregular brown spots. Afterwards, the leaves expanded and the leaves became black and dead. The stems became brownish and thin, and then drooped and folded. After the discovery, attention should be paid to prevention and treatment. 4 Main insect pests such as ground tiger, badger, and silver moth. Control methods: Use phoxim and other soil treatments before planting; cockroaches can be used for bait killing; insecticides such as Bacillus thuringiensis, diflubenzuron, etc. occur in the occurrence stage of larvae of earthworms and silver worms, and spraying of pyrethroid pesticides is severely prevented. 5. Harvesting and processing of stems and leaves should be harvested in the summer booting but not earing, mustard ear is suitable for 50% of autumn seeds mature, 50% still at harvest time. Select sunny dew dry, use a sickle to cut the whole plant shade, that is Jing; picking flower spikes to dry, said Nepeta ear; the rest of the ground part of the stem base harvested, dried, that is Nepeta stem; When harvesting medicinal herbs, it is necessary to retain the seedlings and wait until the seeds are sufficiently mature before harvesting them, and then dry them at the half shade and semi-yang position, dry them and thresh them, remove the stems and leaves and other impurities and collect them.
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