Organic fertilizer contains not only a large number of essential elements and trace elements necessary for plants, but also rich organic nutrients. Organic fertilizer is the most comprehensive fertilizer and is a popular fertilizer on the market. Many farmers' friends are asking how to make organic fertilizer. How can we ensure the fermentation is successful? I will teach you homemade organic fertilizer in this issue.

The role of organic fertilizer in agricultural production

Organic fertilizer, commonly known as farmyard manure, refers to slow-acting fertilizers that contain large amounts of biological materials, animal and plant residues, excreta, and biological waste.

First, improve soil and fertility. After the organic fertilizer is applied to the soil, the organic matter can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties and biological characteristics of the soil, mature the soil, enhance the fertility and buffer capacity of the soil, and create good soil conditions for the growth of the crop.

Second, increase production and improve quality. Organic fertilizers are rich in organic matter and various nutrients to provide nutrients for crops. After the organic fertilizer is decomposed, it provides energy and nutrients for soil microbial activities, promotes microbial activities, accelerates the decomposition of organic matter, and produces active substances that promote crop growth and improve the quality of agricultural products.

Third, improve the utilization rate of fertilizers. Organic fertilizers contain many nutrients but relatively low levels and slow release. Fertilizers have high nutrient content, low composition and fast release. The two are rationally combined and applied, complement each other, and the organic acid produced by the decomposition of organic matter can also promote the dissolution of mineral nutrients in soil and fertilizer. Organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer promote each other, which is conducive to crop absorption and improve fertilizer utilization.

Disadvantages and problems of traditional manure stacking

However, if fresh manure is directly applied, it will have negative effects such as crop damage, disease, and grass damage; if it is naturally fermented by tradition, there are also the following drawbacks:

1. The stacking time is long, generally takes 4-6 months, the time is lower when the temperature is low, and the stacking fermentation effect is poor;

2. Long-term stacking takes up both the site and the surrounding environment;

3. Naturally fermented feces are rotten, foul-smelling, difficult to transport, and difficult to apply directly;

4. Natural heap fermentation does not remove harmful substances such as pathogens and eggs in the feces.

5. Common chicken manure compost may contain a lot of antibiotics, not suitable for organic fertilizer. If chicken manure is used, make sure the chicken is not given antibiotics.

Probiotic fermented organic fertilizer

Probiotics contain a large number of functional bacteria (photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast and other complex bacteria) and their metabolites, which have the function of accelerating decomposition and conversion of fecal matter, which can improve fermentation conversion rate, shorten fermentation time and improve fermentation. The effect is to reduce or even eliminate the odor problem in the fermentation process, reduce environmental pollution, and the probiotics can kill or inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria and eggs in the feces.

Operation technology of probiotic fermented organic fertilizer

In order to increase the nutrient content of organic fertilizers (such as phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient contents), some users hope to add chemical phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer to the raw materials for fermentation. This method will not only affect the quality of organic fertilizers due to the addition of chemical fertilizers, but also Fertilizer nutrient loss is caused during the fermentation process. Therefore, it is not recommended to add chemical fertilizer when fermenting organic fertilizer, unless the C/N ratio is too high, and the raw material fermentation can be appropriately added with 1-5% urea.

If you want to increase the fermented finished organic fertilizer nutrients, you can add the required proportion of chemical phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer to the organic fertilizer after the organic fertilizer is fully fermented and fermented. Then, the bag can be packaged, and the general addition amount should not exceed the organic fertilizer. 10%.

Several kinds of manure raw materials

Organic composting simple fermentation step

Follow the steps in the above table (1 ton of raw materials):

1. Prepare a probiotic activation solution. Prepare 20 kg of probiotic activation solution according to the ratio of probiotics: nutrient: water = 2:2:16. The specific preparation is as follows: first dissolve 2 kg of nutrient with a small amount of hot water, then add cold water to reduce the temperature to 30-35 ° C, pour 2 kg of probiotics solution, and mix well with water.

2. Prepare a "mixed dilution". Pour 20 kg of probiotic activation solution obtained in the previous step into 100-150 kg of water (the amount of water depends on the dryness of the raw material, and the water content during the control is 40-50%). Note that the water temperature should not exceed 30 °C. .

3. Stacking. Mix 1 ton of manure raw material with straw and other ingredients and humus, and directly pile it on the ground. Generally, it will be trapezoidal, no more than 1.5 meters high, and the bottom of the pile should be no more than 5 meters. Spray the probiotic "mixed diluent" and mix well. , control the water content in 40-50%, carry out a few days of aerobic fermentation until the material temperature reaches 40-50 ° C (usually 1-2 days in summer, 3-5 days in spring and autumn), stacking compaction, using plastic cloth Or tarpaulin seals (to be compacted against leaks) for anaerobic fermentation.

note:

(1) The amount of water should be adjusted according to the humidity of the raw material. When it is dry, add more water when preparing the “mixed diluent”, and vice versa. When spraying “mixed diluent”, it should be noted that it can be sprayed several times to prevent one spray. Excessive moisture.

(2) Sealed fermentation. When anaerobic fermentation, if the seal is not strict, it is easy to enter the air and cause high temperature, which affects the quality of organic fertilizer.

4. Upside down: Due to the different temperature on the surface of the pile and the temperature in the pile, the degree of fermentation maturity is different, and should be piled up in due course. The number of piles should be determined by the temperature inside the pile, generally starting from the pile, and when the temperature in the pile reaches 60-65 °C. The temperature must be strictly controlled. When the temperature in the reactor exceeds 70 °C, it indicates that there is water shortage in the reactor. The water should be replenished in time to continue the fermentation and decomposed; when the temperature in the reactor is less than 40 °C, the moisture in the heap should be too large. Rewind the pile to reduce the water, and the number of piles is generally not less than 2 times.

5. Fermentation time and temperature. The general fermentation time is 20-25 days in spring and autumn, 15-20 days in summer and 30-40 days in winter. The optimum ambient temperature for fermentation is 25-35 °C.

6. Fermentation completion criteria. The fermented compost has a scent of scent and is not odorous.

Many friends think that the most difficult thing to grasp for homemade organic fertilizer is the degree of maturity of the fertilizer. It is often doubtful about how to accomplish it. In fact, it is certain that there is a skill in judging whether the manure is mature, and there is a scent of flavor and no odor. It is.

Homemade organic fertilizer must ensure the completion of fermentation, the incompleteness of the maturity, easy to continue to ferment and cause the local temperature of the soil to be too high, it is easy to burn and burn the roots! At the same time, the fertilizer is not completely fermented, there are a lot of fungi in the soil, which easily leads to the field plants. Moldy and rotten. Therefore, we especially remind all farmers that when making organic fertilizer, the degree of maturity must be well grasped.

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