Wuji, also known as Taihe chicken and black bone chicken, is native to Taihe County in Jiangxi Province. It has a history of feeding for more than 2,000 years and can be used as a dual-purpose food with high nutritional value. Wuji has a high level of nourishing and medicinal effects, has the effect of nourishing Yin and reducing fever, nourishing liver and tonifying kidney, and benefiting qi and blood. It is a rare and valuable medicinal chicken breed. This issue introduces a group of black-breeding chicken breeding techniques for farmers' reference.

Feeding methods

炕 平 平 平 平 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :. The size of the house depends on the topography and terrain. The ground is preferably a concrete structure. In the dry porous sandy area, mud land can also be used as the ground of the house. In a mild climate or in a hotter area, a double-slope roof can be used. The two walls are open. Two open windows in the front and back are open houses, characterized by shelter from fire and rain, summer ventilation, and the house is dry. Can be laid on the ground floor 5 to 10 cm thick and regularly cleaned and replaced, or a 15 cm thick bedding, a feeding cycle to replace once. Its advantages are simple breeding equipment, low cost, low incidence of breast cysts and leg diseases. The disadvantage is that it requires a large amount of litter, covers an area of ​​more, used litter is difficult to handle, and often become a source of infection, prone to chicken white Bacteremia and coccidiosis.

On-line flat-raising: Broiler chickens are bred in a brooding house before 5 weeks of age. After 5 weeks of age, the broilers are transferred to the web for rearing, which is conducive to making full use of brooding equipment and accelerating the development of broiler chicks at later stages. All the feeding areas in the house are covered with metal nets or wood and bamboo bars 60 cm above the ground, or a layer of elastic plastic square nets are laid on the metal floor supported by steel bars. Chicken droppings fall into the net, which can reduce the pollution of the feeding environment and have a significant effect on the control of coccidiosis. The incidence of breast cysts is significantly reduced. The disadvantage is that the equipment costs are high.

Breeding density: A reasonable understanding of the growth period of the black-bone chicken can make the black-boned chicken avoid wasting feed, increase the growth rate, increase the ratio of meat to meat, and increase the economic benefits of black-bone chicken breeding. Usually 1 to 10 days of age, 40 to 50 per square meter; 10 to 20 days of age, 30 to 40 per square meter; 20 to 30 days of age, 25 to 30 per square meter; 30 to 60 days of age, per 20 to 25 square meters; 60 to 90 days old, 15 to 12 per square meter.

Brooding methods: First, brooding brooding cages, heat sources have electricity and other fuels. The advantages are high feeding efficiency per unit area of ​​the chicken house, saving litter and heat energy, low cost, high labor productivity, control of the occurrence and spread of ferrets and coccidiosis, and improvement of the survival rate of brooding.

The second is online brooding. The chicks are kept on the Internet 0.5 to 0.6 meters away from the ground. Mesh can leak manure and do not harm chickens. The fences are surrounded to prevent chicks from drilling out. After 2 weeks, the feed trough and drinking fountain can be hung outside the fence. The advantage is that it is easy to manage, the chicks do not come into contact with the feces, the incidence of disease can be reduced, and the survival rate of brooding is high.

Others include underground flue brooding, fire wall brooding, babysitter umbrella brooding, and infrared brooding.

Chicken Management

Insulation and humidity control: As the chicks are short and not resistant to cold, they cannot regulate the temperature themselves, and the temperature is too low to cause the growth of the chicks to be hindered, and to squeeze together, resulting in the outbreak of the disease; if the humidity is too high, it will lead to coccidiosis, so To ensure a reasonable brooding temperature and humidity. The brooding room should be equipped with a thermometer to keep the temperature of the brooding room at any time.

Generally within 1 week of age, the temperature of the brooding chamber is 32°C to 34°C, the humidity is 60% to 65%; the temperature is 1 to 2 weeks of age is 28°C to 32°C, the humidity is 60% to 65%; 2 to 3 weeks old The temperature is 25°C to 27°C, the humidity is 60% to 65%; the temperature is 3° to 4 weeks and the temperature is 23°C to 25°C, and the humidity is 60%; after 4 weeks, the temperature is about 20°C and the humidity is 60%. In addition to the use of thermometers, it is also necessary to learn to “see chicken Schwenn”. The temperature is suitable for the chicks to be lively and active, the appetite is exuberant, the sleep is quiet, the chickens are evacuated and evenly prone. Low temperature chicks are vulnerable to colds and squeezing each other.

The broiler's body temperature is low, 2 °C ~ 3 °C lower than the adult chicken. The chicks began to rise slowly at 4 days of age and reached the temperature of the adult chicken at 10 days of age. Around 3 weeks of age, the body temperature regulation function gradually becomes more perfect, after 7-8 weeks of age has the ability to adapt to changes in the external environment temperature, digestive system development is not perfect, the stomach is small, digestion is weak, likes to live in groups, timid, poor adaptability , The immune system is imperfect and the disease resistance is poor.

Drinking water to eat: After 20 hours of hatching, chicks can enter the brooding room, drink water first, and then eat. Start drinking water with 5% to 10% sugar water and drink for half a day to increase the survival rate. Before 10 days old chicks should drink warm water, the water temperature should be similar to room temperature. It is best to use a chick waterer for drinking water, and keep the water in the water dispenser for free use by the chicks. Drink water for 2 to 4 hours before eating. Soak the feed with water, spread it on the ground, spread it evenly on the plastic sheet, allow the chicks to feed freely, and feed the feed directly to the feed. However, no matter which kind of feed you feed, start 3 to 5 days, the feed must add 0.2% chloramphenicol or 0.2% sulfamethoxazole, or add broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs such as ofloxacin in drinking water to control the occurrence of chicken leech disease . The difference between silky chicken and other chicken species is that congenital white feather disease is particularly serious. Therefore, during the brooding period, the drugs should be used alternately and without interruption. After feeding for 3 to 5 days with a plastic sheet, they should be gradually replaced by small wooden troughs or plastic troughs. Feed it once every 3 to 4 hours during the day and once every 4 to 5 hours in the evening. In short, keep constant water and feed.

The chicken's digestive function is weak and must be fed to easily digestible feed, such as semi-ripe millet and stir-in egg yolk. After 10 days of age, 10% to 20% corn flour can be added to the feed, and 8% to 10% chopped green feed. 1% to 1.5% bone meal, 1% to 1.5% fishmeal, and 0.5% water-washed fine sand. After 30 days of age, it can be fed with powdered mixed chopped vegetables and added with bone meal, fish meal, shell powder, etc., and also feed 1 or 2 times of pellets (such as millet, barley, etc.) every day. In general, during the brooding period, crude protein was 19%, crude fiber was less than 6%, calcium was 0.8% to 1.3%, phosphorus was 0.6%, sodium chloride was 0.3%, and moisture was less than 14%. Feed during the growth period required crude protein to be 17%, crude fiber was less than 6%, calcium was 0.7% to 1.2%, phosphorus was 0.55%, sodium chloride was 0.3%, and moisture was less than 14%.

Breeder management

The breeding of chickens in stages is aimed at preventing them from becoming overgrown, saving feed and increasing economic efficiency. In the first stage, from the start of production to 20 weeks of egg production, the egg production rate of the breeder peaks at 10 to 20 weeks after the start of production. Therefore, the protein level in the diet can be from 16% at the time of opening to the time of production. 7 weeks, increased to 17% to 19%; from the 21st to 40th week of egg production in the second stage, the protein level in the diet was maintained at 16%; after the 41th week of the third stage, the dietary protein level could be reduced to 15 %.

The environmental condition of the chicken house directly affects the hen's health and egg production rate. It is necessary to create appropriate environmental conditions for the black-bone chicken. The optimum temperature is 13°C～25°C; the light time is 14-16 hours per day and the light intensity is within 15 square meters. 40 watts light is appropriate, black chicken is very frightened so the environment should be quiet.

Egg-laying hens are prone to lack of trace elements. When they are deficient in calcium, they will produce soft-shelled eggs and thin-shelled eggs. The egg production rate will also drop by more than 15%. Pre-laying black-bone chicken has a high calcium utilization rate, which is lower in the later period. Therefore, the content of calcium in the feed should be increased with the increase of the age and the decrease of the laying rate. However, calcium content should not be too high, otherwise it will affect the palatability of the feed, and thus affect the chicken's egg production rate.

Disease prevention and control

Chicken Newcastle disease: An acute, highly contagious, septic infection caused by a virus, with a mortality rate of 90% to 100%. The incubation period is 3 to 5 days. The disease often dies suddenly without any disease. Mainly regular vaccination, enhance chicken immunity. The chicken Newtown vaccine currently produced in China has four types of I, II, III and IV strains.

Chicken Cholera: An acute septic contagious disease with high morbidity and mortality. The pathogen is a gram-negative bacillus called Pasteurella. All kinds of poultry can infect this disease, chickens and ducks are most susceptible to infection, and goose infection is poor. Mainly through the digestive tract and respiratory tract infections, skin wounds can also be infected. There are a large number of pathogens in the excreta and secretions of diseased chickens. Contaminated feed, drinking water, utensils, and sites are the media for spreading the disease. Chicken cholera incubation period is about 4 to 9 days, divided into the most acute type, acute type and chronic type three kinds of diseases. The disease is mainly used sulfa drugs sulfamethazine, sulfamethazine, long-acting sulfonamides, 0.1-0.2 g per kilogram per day better. With oxytetracycline, tetracycline and other antibiotics also received good results, oxytetracycline daily chicken 0.15 to 0.3 grams.

Chicken Marek’s disease: A chicken infectious disease caused by a virus. Mortality is high. It occurs in chickens between 2 and 5 months of age. There is currently no effective treatment for this disease. Prima chicks are protected against immunization with Marek’s vaccine. Strictly enforce the sanitation and hygiene of chicken coops and utensils; find diseased chickens and eliminate them immediately, completely eliminating the source of infection.

Chicken pox: A highly contagious disease in chickens. Its characteristic is that in the body's hairless and less hairy parts, the skin undergoes a proliferative pathological process, producing pterygium-like poxes, and a fibrinoid necrotic pseudomembrane formed in the oral cavity and throat mucosa. The chicken pox incubation period is 4 to 10 days and can usually be divided into skin type, diphtheria type, and mixed type. In addition to strengthening the hygiene management of chickens and general preventive measures, the disease can be vaccinated with a chickenpox attenuated vaccine, which has a significant effect.

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