The apple trees in winter are vulnerable to the sudden drop in temperature, so to prevent the freezing of apple trees in a timely manner, attention should be paid to the following aspects:

(1) Timely pouring of frozen water: Filling frozen water is an important measure to prevent cold. Generally, it must be ensured before the soil is frozen. The frozen water not only must be thoroughly irrigated, but also the accumulation of water in the lowland of the orchard must be avoided. Water freezing can have serious adverse effects on the root system.

(2) Trunk whitening: Apply white to the trunk and main branches of apple trees before entering the winter, and apply a dry height of 1 meter or more. Whitening the trunk not only can kill bacteria and insects, but also can prevent the occurrence of frost damage in winter. In winter, when the temperature is high during the day and the trunk is dark in color, it is easy to absorb heat. As a result, the temperature of the trunk rises rapidly. At night, the temperature is relatively low. Under the condition of no whitening, the temperature difference of the trunk skin changes greatly, and the trunk is prone to cracking. . Plants that are growing vigorously in the autumn and stay long and late are more prone to frost and bark cracks. After the tree trunk is painted white, it can effectively reduce the day-night temperature difference in the trunk and keep the temperature relatively balanced. Therefore, after entering the middle and late November, we must promptly carry out the whole tree trunk whitening. The ratio of whitening agent was 10 kg of quicklime, 1 kg of sulfur powder, 0.2 kg of salt, and 30 kg of water.

(3) Between the rows of grass cover, tree cover: cover the crops after the fall of crops, leaves, etc., thickness 5-10 cm. It can not only protect the earth, but also effectively increase the ground temperature and prevent the occurrence of frost damage. For the position of the tuyere or weak tree, cover the mulch within a diameter of 1 meter around the tree to prevent water evaporation and ground temperature loss. The coating time should be after winter irrigation and cultivating soil.

(4) Earth-cultivation of soil surface: Before the winter, earthen the surface around the neck to carry out earth-cultivation. To raise the soil along the trunk around the tree tray, the height of the soil is generally not to exceed the first branch, and after the temperature rises in the early spring of the next year, the soil is opened. Grass cover can also be pressed, but the grass should be properly pressed, pay attention to fire prevention.

(5) Delaying pruning and protecting wounds: The winter pruning time should be appropriately postponed, and the secondary winter cutting technique should be adopted, ie, the apple tree enters a dormant period, but the first pruning is performed before the cold winter season has yet to come. The amount of pruning is a full amount of pruning. After 70%-80%, after the severe cold, do a second pruning before dormancy is about to end, pruning for the winter, cut off the dead branches and excessive shoots, and apply the stem protectant in time for wound protection.

(6) Packing trunk: Pay close attention to temperature changes. If the temperature falls below -20°C, it may cause freezing damage to the trees. The waste should be promptly used to wrap main trunks and main branches with waste cotton, cloth, crop straw, and weeds. , with waste plastic film, woven bag tied tightly. When dressing the main trunk with straw, pay attention to the grass head pressing on the grass tail and tightening it so as not to freeze the water in the grass.

(7) Shake down the canopy of the snow: In time after the heavy snow, shake and clear the snow on the tree to prevent sudden changes in the temperature and ablation of the ice and snow, so as to cause freezing damage to the trunk, aggravate the rot disease. In the event of freezing injury, do not use sticks to knock down the frozen canopy, so as to avoid falling branches and leaves, increase freezing damage.

(8) Make weather forecasts and predictions: Do a good job of predicting and forecasting severe weather in the winter, especially the appearance of absolute cold temperatures and cold winds, and their duration. Prepare antifreeze before bad weather occurs, and take various measures to protect the trees from wintering safely. If measures such as packaged grass and smoke are used to increase the local temperature, it can prevent or reduce the freezing injury.

For frozen apple trees, the following remedial measures should be taken:

(1) Trees with less severe freezing injury, if the formation layer and the buds are less susceptible to freezing damage, or no damage, can be gradually restored. For the loosened cortex, nails are applied in place to maintain a certain degree of humidity in the layered cells. Shade conditions to facilitate the regeneration of new tissue, otherwise, the formation of cells will quickly die.

(2) The part of the cortex that has apparently died can be removed and the bridge can be used to help the wound heal.

(3) Trees with heavy freeze damage in xylem should be treated with more nitrogenous fertilizer to promote the formation of new xylem and cortex.

(4) Frozen trees are best cut off during the summer.

(5) Frosted trees need to be re-spent of flowers and fruit in order to facilitate the restoration of tree potential.

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