At present, there are mainly four kinds of organic solvents which can be frozen at room temperature: tert-butanol, glacial acetic acid, cyclohexane and dimethyl sulfoxide. Among them, tert-butanol is considered to be the most suitable lyophilized solvent for the preparation. Its characteristics are as follows:

1. The freezing point is high. Pure t-butanol can be frozen at room temperature (25 ° C), can also be frozen at a few degrees after mixing with water, and can be completely frozen in existing freeze dryers.

2. The vapor pressure of t-butanol is higher. The high vapor pressure is good for sublimation and saves lyophilization time.

3. Tert-butanol and water can be mixed in any ratio. This is extremely important, and can increase the solubility of some fat-soluble drugs in water. At the same time, adding an appropriate amount of t-butanol to unstable drugs in some aqueous solutions can inhibit the decomposition of the drug and enhance the stability of the drug.

4. Tert-butyl alcohol is low in toxicity. During lyophilization, most of the tert-butanol can be sublimed in a single drying stage with a low residual amount in the formulation.

5. Tert-butanol itself forms needle-like crystals during freezing, which can change the crystallization mode of solute and facilitate sublimation. When a small amount of t-butanol is added to water to form a tert-butanol-water co-solvent, the crystal state of the water can be changed, and needle-like crystals are formed during the freezing process, which has a large surface area, and after the ice crystals sublimate, a tubular shape is left. The channel makes the water vapor flow resistance greatly reduced, and the sublimation rate is significantly improved. Therefore, t-butanol can be used to accelerate the mass transfer process in the freeze-drying process.

6. The advantages of tert-butyl alcohol as a lyophilized solvent are many, but the purity of t-butanol and the production safety and recycling of tert-butyl alcohol as an organic solvent need to be brought to the attention of the producer.

Curcumin

Curcumin is a yellow pigment extracted from the rhizome of turmeric. Curcumin has long been used in food industry as a Natural Pigment. It is stable to reducing agents, has strong coloring power and does not fade easily, but is sensitive to light, heat and iron ions. Mainly used for dyeing canned, intestinal products and sauces. Curcumin also has important economic value and a wide range of pharmacological effects, such as hypolipidemic, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-atherosclerosis and so on.

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