In September, tomatoes in the Beijing suburb greenhouse entered the flowering period and a blossoming yellow flower was already blooming. In the past, this season was the busiest time for vegetable farmers. They needed to hold a brush to pollinate tomato flowers. The number of tomato flowers on 1 mu of land was 5 Millions - 10 million flowers pollination is a heavy work. Now, the busy shadows of the farmers in the greenhouse have disappeared. Instead, a large bumblebee flies among the tomato flowers. Originally, this is a bumblebee pollination instead of artificial pollination technology promoted by the Beijing Plant Protection Station. This technology not only reduces the labor intensity and labor cost of pollination of tomatoes, but also avoids the use of chemical hormones, reduces the amount of chemical pesticides, improves the quality of tomatoes, and increases Tomato production, a small bumble bee successfully cracked five major production problems. However, there are still a lot of vegetable farmers in the application of this technology have questions, for which we come to answer your questions.

Must tomato be pollinated with bumblebees, can't you use bees?

Tomatoes and other solanaceous fruit crops have special odors. Honeybees do not like to visit flowers. Tomato flowers have long stamens, bees are difficult to collect, and pollination is poor. Therefore, bees cannot be used to pollinate tomatoes. Bumblebees are not sensitive to tomato odors. They have long kisses and are loud and sonic, making them ideal for pollinating tomatoes.

Why is bumblebee pollination better than artificially pollinated tomatoes and yields high?

Disadvantages of artificial pollination: First, artificial pollination is more extensive in the selection of the pollination period. Generally, uniform pollination begins after the tomato blossoms. At this time, the maturity of tomato flowers is not uniform, and many flower pollinations are too early or too late to affect pollination. Tomato late quality and yield. Second, improper control of pollination intensity or hormone concentration during artificial pollination can lead to a dramatic increase in tomato malformation and a decrease in quality. Third, artificial pollination will cause problems such as missed flowers and repeated pollination, which will also affect quality and yield.

The advantages of bumblebee pollination: The bumblebee will choose to collect pollen during the most mature period of pollen. At this time, the pollination period and pollen maturity are the most suitable, and cross pollination, so the pollination of the tomato deformity is low, the nourishing tissue is full The fruit shape is full of color, and the quality and yield are significantly higher. In addition, when pollinating with bumblebees, there are few occurrences of pollination and pollination, which ensures the pollination rate.

What is the economic benefit of tomato bumblebee pollination?

Cost accounting: Artificial pollination of tomato on 1 mu of land is about 14 times, pollination time is half a day, the whole pollination period takes about 7 days, labor cost is about 120 yuan/day, and the total cost of artificial pollination is about 840 yuan. The bumblebee pollinates 1 box of bees to satisfy the pollination of an acre of tomato, and the price is 400 yuan. Plus the investment of supporting green control technology such as insect nets is about 300 yuan per year, and the total cost of bumblebee pollination is about 700 yuan, which is about 140% less than artificial pollination. yuan.

Output accounting: The output of tomato bumblebee pollination is about 20% higher than that of artificial pollination. It can increase production by about 1,000 kilograms per mu and increase production by about 3,000 yuan. The deformed fruit rate is reduced, the quality is improved, the selling price is increased, and the quality and income increase per mu is about 2000 yuan, so the output is increased by about 5,000 yuan.

Due to the reduction of the pollination cost and the increase of output, the tomato bumble bee pollination has obvious economic benefits, and the economic benefit per mu can be increased by more than 5,000 yuan.

Why do the bumblebee pollinated tomatoes are green and safe?

Because bumblebees are highly sensitive to pesticides, the free use of pesticides can cause bumble bee poisoning. Therefore, using bumblebees to pollinate tomatoes in greenhouses requires reducing the use of chemical pesticides and supporting green pest control technologies to provide a safe pollination environment for bumble bees. It can be said that the bumblebee is the "supervisor" of quality and safety in the tomato shed, and the "security spokesperson" of the green security.

Tomato bumblebee pollination technology use points

â—† Tomato bumblebee pollination suitable season

It is suitable for use in spring tomato and late autumn rice. The higher the temperature of the mouthwash in summer, the bumblebee can not adapt, and the current application technology is not mature.

â—† The number of bumblebees in a box, the area and time of pollination

The number of bumblebees in one box ranges from 40 heads to 60 heads, and the maximum pollinating area is about 1.2 acres. After the area is over, the number of bumblebees needs to be increased. A box of bumblebees takes about 4-6 weeks.

â—† Bumblebee entering the booth

More than 5% of tomatoes can be placed in bumblebees as they bloom, and they should be put into the shed as late as possible.

â—†Position of bumblebees in the booth

When the spring and autumn temperatures are appropriate, the bumble beehive can be placed in the aisle at the middle of the booth or in the daytime, and is 0.5-1 meters away from the ground. When the temperature is high in summer, pay attention to shade, place the hive under the crown of the plant, but the beehive mouth can't be blocked, or the shelter can be cooled above the hive. Beehive cannot be located next to heating facilities and CO2 generators. The beehive mouth is facing south, and the position and direction of the beehive cannot be moved freely to avoid the death of the nest.

â—† Bumblebee pollination suitable temperature and humidity

Bumblebee pollination suitable temperature is 12 °C -30 °C, suitable humidity is 50% -80%. The ventilation is timely in summer and the insulation is noticed in autumn and winter.

â—† How to identify bumblebee pollination success

Bumblebees pollinate to see the hickey. When the bumblebee visits the tomato flower, it will use the forehead to fix it on the flower, so it will leave a brown mark on the style (known as "hick marks"), which is the main mark to identify bumblebee pollination. More than 80% of spring and summer, 70% of autumn and winter flowers appear brown hickey can be defined as regular visits to the bees. The bumblebee was very light after the pollination of the bumblebee, and it was not easy to distinguish. With time, the area of ​​the hock was gradually enlarged and the color became darker. The hock was obvious after 24 to 36 hours of pollination, and it was easy to observe and recognize. Once the bumblebee visits the flowers, it can produce good pollination results. After 3-5 days of bumblebee pollination, the tomato petals gradually close and wilting with the stigma. It is recommended that the pollinating rate of the bumble bees be checked in time after the bees are released. When checking the pollination rate, the flowers that were just opened should not be counted. The newly-opened flowers can be distinguished based on the green stigma and the pale yellow petals. The best time to check the pollination rate is 1 hour before sunset. It should be noted that in bad weather or sudden flowering, there are few pollination times and fewer hickeys, but within a few days the pollination rate will return to normal. Auxiliary observation: Between 9:00 am and 11:00 pm on sunny days, two bears carrying powdered bees returned to their nests within 10 minutes, or they observed standing in the aisle. Five bumblebees pollinated within one minute were normal pollinators.

â—† What measures are required for bumblebee pollination?

The upper and lower tuyères must cover the insect nets to avoid escape. Bumblebees rely on ultraviolet light to locate, so they cannot use UV filters that absorb 350 nm.

â—† Bumblebee pollination pesticides use matters needing attention

Long-acting slow-release insecticides cannot be used in soils in facilities; imidacloprid, cyfluthrin, etc. are highly toxic to bees and have a long potency; use of biological control is preferred for pest control during flowering, and as low toxicity as possible Pesticides used to control pests must be moved outside the shed when they are to be used, and then returned to the shed after the interval. Consult a technician at a specific time.

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