Wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the most important yeast in the wine making process. It has a very wide spread and it is difficult to find the origin. However, wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae is not airborne, so there are Other things that drive them to spread. A recent survey showed that bees, wasps and other insects are the main routes for the spread of wild Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but not all. In addition to insects, migratory birds can also carry microorganisms that affect humans. So far, most studies have focused on the role of migratory birds in the spread of bacteria. Few people will consider wild yeast.

The purpose of this study was to test the ability of migratory birds to spread wild yeast over long distances (insects up to 10 km away), identify existing yeast types, and determine the survival time of yeasts when they arrive in a strange environment.

Methods The test site was selected in Sicily and is a must for migrating birds in spring and autumn. When migratory birds fly from Africa to Europe, wild yeast transfer information can be obtained here. At the stop of the migratory birds, the testers captured 349 migratory birds, then classified them and measured the amount of subcutaneous fat (SFA). Then genetic methods were used to analyze the yeast species.

As a result, wild yeast was found in 32.66% of migratory birds. The largest amount of yeast is found in the three species of birds: Polygonidae, Polygonidae, and Finch. A total of 125 yeasts were found by genetic analysis. These include: Bacterial sprouting, Candida albicans, Candida magnolia, Candida, Candida, Cryptococcus aureus, Cryptococcus magnus and others.
The most common yeast species in migratory birds are:
The Pichia pastoris - 17.6%
Candida albicans - 16%
Saccharomyces cerevisiae – 14.4%
Blastomyces buds - 12%
Of the 125 wild yeasts, 72 are related to wine. These include: Spodoptera pedunculata, Hansenella debilis, Pichia kudriavski, Pichia pastoris, Meici methialis, Glyphosate-resistance, and so on. The largest number of wild yeasts are found in gardens and subalpine forests.

Conclusions The results of the study show that migratory birds have an important influence on the environment in Sicily for the spread of microbes and wild yeasts. As for whether other regions have the same results, further verification is needed. The study also found that the yeast strains at two specific sites are very similar, indicating that migratory birds play an important role in the formation of regional climate. Because the yeast they transmit is different from other birds, it will produce different styles of wine. If the same group of migratory birds migrates back and forth between two fixed locations, in theory they are constantly spreading the same yeast to another specific place.