Since the beginning of spring, peasant friends in Jiaozuo, Henan Province, and Ji County, Hebei Province have asked the hotline to ask questions about soil selection and fertilizer management for yams in the spring. Here's a brief introduction.

The management of yam soil and fertilizer should start from the biological characteristics. The yam plants have shoots with lush stems and leaves, stems and vines can be as long as 2 to 3 meters, which is conducive to photosynthetic production. The underground roots and stems are more special for people to eat. The yam is a rhizome that grows in the ground, and the single plant yields several kilograms. This edible stem is born in the lower part of the root. Whether it is planted or propagated in a piece of potato, its lateral bud root is also known as the root of the mouth. Its function is to absorb soil nutrients, and supply it to the shoot and leaves of the shoot. It supplies downwards. Born in the lower rhizome (ie yam). Roots have the characteristics of the downward bar, mouth lateral extension is generally 20 cm, you can also extend obliquely below, the main root system is distributed in 10 to 20 cm, the deepest up to 40 to 50 cm, but more than rhizomes are shallow. Due to different varieties and soil conditions, yam has different distribution depths, generally 60 to 80 cm, and some even up to 1 meter deep.

When expanding the cultivation of yam, first, we must select the soil and fully understand the topography, location of the farmland, and the production conditions of the preceding crop to make reasonable choices. The main points to note are the following:

1. The yam selection soil is deep, loose and fertile, with sunny terrain and smooth drainage.

2. The groundwater level should be less than 1 meter.

There should be no barrier layer (such as sand ginger, gravel, etc.) in the 3.1-meter deep soil profile.

4. Soil neutrality (pH 6-8), do not over-acid over-alkaline.

5. The soil texture of the plough layer is preferably light loamy. The actual production has been planted from sandy soil, light soil, and middle to heavy soil. However, there is a difference in site preparation and management.

Second, yam should be cultivated before planting. Tillage time can be cultivated in the fall or in spring, and most of the time is spring plowing. The preparation of yam includes deep-growing and shallow trenching. As the yam roots and stems in the ground have down-twisted characteristics, the site preparation requires deep ploughing, application of organic fertilizers, and improvement of the soil physical conditions to facilitate the tubers and growth of the tubers.

Third, the yam colonization period requires that the soil temperature of 5 cm above the ground be stable at 10°C. For North China, it is usually in the middle or late April. The Fujian and Guangdong regions are in March, and the Northeast China is generally planted in early May. The sooner the better during the appropriate colonization period, is conducive to the development of root systems and increased yields.

Fourth, moisture management. See the soil before planting If you find that the soil is very poor, be sure to fill it with water once and start farming. After planting, it is important to keep seedlings and heat to facilitate seedling emergence. The whole seedling stage should not be watered. According to the principle of dry long roots and wet long seedlings, water control at the seedling stage not only maintains heat but also promotes downward roots. The first watering should enter the rapid growth stage at the height of the earthworm.

Fifth, fertilization management. The yam basal fertilizer should be based on organic fertilizers, combined with the application of chemical fertilizers, phosphorus, potassium can be selected as the main, appropriate amount of nitrogen compound fertilizer, or choose ordinary calcium, ammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate, urea and other simple fertilizers Blending can be applied. The recommended N, P and K fertilization rates for basal fertilizers are approximately 10 kg (N) per mu; 10-15 kg (P2O5) and 10-12 kg (K2O). The base fertilizer of yam should be deep under 20 cm, especially organic fertilizer should be deeper.

In short, from the point of view of biological characteristics, the yam aboveground stem plants are responsible for photosynthesis of up to 2-3 meters, and the edible output - the rhizomes are buried in the deep layer of 50 to 80 cm below the soil, and the two are connected together. The root of the mouth bears the arduous task of absorbing the water and nutrient supply to the entire underground plant. The output of the yam is generally as high as 2,000 to 3,000 kilograms. Its root system is not well developed, and it is released in shallow soil of 20 cm, so it is used to grow yam. In soil management, special attention should be paid to the combination of deep-tillage and deep organic manure to achieve the purpose of conservation of the root system. Post-emergence seedling and seedling management is focused on heat preservation and conservation. Regular observation of soil moisture and seedling conditions is not recommended. Premature irrigation should not be used. Tillage measures should be used to ensure seedling rooting. Farmers Daily

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