Potato crops, also known as root crops, include sweet potatoes, potatoes, cassava, and yam, and are important food crops in non-cereal crops. In high-yielding cultivation, the fertilization of potato crops must be based on their nutritional characteristics, soil, environment, and cultivation conditions, and reasonable fertilization measures must be adopted in order to continuously increase production and efficiency.

First, the nutritional characteristics of potato crops

Potato crops require large amounts of fertilizer, especially for potassium, which is far more than cereal crops. It is a good potassium crop. The demand for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in life is the highest in terms of potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorus. For every 1,000 kg of roots or tubers produced, about 4-6 kg of nitrogen, 2-3 kg of phosphorus, and 10.5 kg of potassium are needed. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is 2.5:1:4.5.

During the whole growth and development process of potato crops, due to the different stages of growth and development, the types and quantities of nutrients required during each growth period are also different. In the early stage of growth, due to the small amount of plant growth, the demand for nutrients is less. The absorption of nutrients during the first 30 to 40 days of the growth period accounts for about 25% of the whole growth period. After that, the demand for nutrients gradually increases with the growth of plant growth. Increased to the root tuber, tuber enlargement period, the absorption of nutrients reached a peak, absorption accounted for more than 50% of the whole growth period, the absorption of nutrients in the late growth period gradually reduced.

Although the demand for nutrients at the beginning of growth is small, it is very sensitive. The lack of fertilizers will seriously affect the development of stems and leaves and roots, and thus affect the formation of tuberous root tubers. The tuber root and tuber enlargement period is the period when the ground and the underground grow most vigorously. It needs the most fertilizer, and it is the period of maximum nutrient efficiency, which is the key period of fertilization.

Second, the fertilization technology of potato crops

Potato crops should master the principle of “mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizers, mainly basal fertilizer, supplemented by top dressing”. The amount of chemical fertilizers should be considered based on the type of fertilizer, soil fertility, yield levels, and fertilizer utilization. The basic amount of general phosphorus and potassium fertilizers accounts for 70-80% of the total, or even higher. The basic amount of nitrogen fertilizers accounts for 50-60% of the total, and topdressing accounts for 40-50%.

(1) Application of basal fertilizer. Emphasizing the application of base fertilizers, increasing organic fertilizers, and applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are extremely important measures for high yield and high efficiency of potato crops. The type of basal fertilizer is mainly circumfertility, soil-fertilizer, plant-wood ash, etc. At the same time, calcium superphosphate, available nitrogen fertilizer and potash or compound fertilizer are added.

(2) Application of topdressing. Should be based on the soil fertility, the amount of basal fertilizer and growth, timely recovery early, the effect of increasing production is good; the later the fertilizer, the worse the effect. Topdressing should be combined with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to apply multi-element compound fertilizer at a rate of 10-15 kilograms per mu. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer should not be too much. Early-maturing varieties were top-dressed at seedling stage, while middle-late-maturing varieties were mainly applied before flowering.

The amount of chemical fertilizers is not as good as possible, but excessive application of chemical fertilizers will result in reduced production. All localities should adjust measures to local conditions and determine reasonable fertilization standards.

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