Main characteristics of farmed salmon in China
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1. Status of domestic and overseas trout farming
Research on the resources and proliferation of squid has been in foreign countries for more than 100 years. Before 1869 Soviet scholars began to study the biology and reproduction of carp. By the 1970s, the Soviet Union had built more than 20 breeding grounds for trout, with an annual output of more than 100 million clams. Later, the United States, Italy, Germany, France, and Belgium have also successively strengthened the heredity of European trout and hybrid pomfrets. Engineering research and implementation of modern aquaculture production. However, in the past 10 years, water pollution brought about by the rapid development of industrialization has affected the survival of carp. In 1990, the total output of carp in the world was about 20,000 tons, and after 1993, it dropped to 10,000 tons.
Domestically, China's eel research has a history of several decades. The construction of dams along the Yangtze River hindered the migration and spawning of Chinese sturgeons and caused this species to become extinct. In order to protect it, from the 50's, scientists in China began to study their ecology and biology. In 70 years, they began to reproduce artificially and multiply, and a large-scale breeding and management office has been established. At present, the main breeds are Russian quail, Amur sturgeon and paddlefish.
2. Biological characteristics of several major farmed salmon
(1) Russian 鲟
Shape characteristics: individual prolonged, hemp-shaped, body height is 12% -14% of full-length, head length is 17% -19% of full-length, kiss length is 4% -6.5% of full-length, kiss is short and blunt , slightly rounded. There are four tentacles between the snout and the mouth, closer to the snout. There must be no ciliary cilia on the mouth. The mouth is small, transversely split, and prominent, with the middle of the lower lip disconnected. Dorsal fins do not branch, fins 27-51 roots, anal fin unbranched, ray 18-33. Body color gray back, light green, dark green, body side gray brown, gray belly or lemon yellow. Juveniles have a blue back and a white belly.
Ecological habits: Russian quails are mainly distributed in the Caspian Sea, Sea of ​​Azov and the Black Sea, and rivers that flow into the sea. In addition to the migrating population, part of it is a life-long settled population.
Food: benthic molluscs, shrimps, crabs and other crustaceans and fish. Juveniles live on lobster and chironom larvae, and females grow faster than males.
Reproduction: Sexual maturity of females is 12-16 years old, weight is 14-18 kg, and male sexual maturity is 11-13 years old. Absolute ovulation amount averaged 26.6–294,000 grains, 1.08-1.2 weight per kilogram of fish relative to ovulation, 3 mm egg diameter, and 20.6 mg egg weight. Breeding water temperature 9-12 °C.
(2) AE
Appearance feature:
The body is elongated in a conical shape, with a triangular head, a slightly flattened shape, a lower mouth, a small crack in the mouth, a garlic flap, and four horns in front of the mouth. It is arranged in a line and parallel to the mouth, and the mouth can stick out in a tubular shape. The length of the mouth tube varies depending on the size of the individual. The larvae have an average of seven grainy projections (commonly known as seven floats) in the ventral surface of the snout and have no scales. The dorsal fins are located in the back of the body, close to the caudal fins. Caudal fins are dovetail type, with upper leaves larger than lower leaves, with greenish grey or brown on the back, silvery abdomen, slightly grayish even fins and anal fins, a pentagonal cross-section of the trunk, and a relatively flat abdomen.
Ecological habits:
A sturgeon inhabits the river. The optimum growth temperature is about 21°C, the optimum incubation temperature is 18-20°C, and the suitable temperature is strong. Its oxygen consumption and suffocation point is higher than that of conventional fish, dissolved oxygen can not be lower than 6 mg/L, and it is light-proof.
Dietary growth:
It is an animal-eating fish that feeds on aquatic insect larvae, benthic animals, and small fish. Juvenile fish are mainly benthic and aquatic insect larvae. Mainly rely on sense of touch, smell to prey. The growth rate of Acarie is faster, especially when the fish body length exceeds 15 centimeters, the growth rate is accelerated. Under the condition of artificial culture, with the annual water temperature of 15-25 DEG C, the first anniversary can reach 0.39-0.6 kg, and the fourth anniversary can be achieved. 7.38-10.25 kg.
Breeding:
The females were 9-10 years old at sexual maturity and 7-8 years old, and the females had an average of 276,000 fecundity and a relative fecundity of 11,900. Eggs are sticky and spawning peaks are short and concentrated.
(3) Paddlefish
Appearance feature:
Key spoons are characteristically shaped, with a long kiss shaped like a spoon, which occupies about one-third of their body length. The trunk is streamlined, the tail side is flat, the plum blossoms are covered with plum blossoms, the tail fins are forked and asymmetric. Body back gray, gray belly. The newly hatched larvae did not kiss and the couple developed completely after one month.
Ecological habits:
Living in rivers, lakes, reservoirs and ponds, suitable for a wide range of temperature, can survive in 2-37 °C water, can safely winter in the North, the dissolved oxygen in water requires more than 5 mg / l, PH value suitable range of 6.5-8.
Diet and growth:
It is a kind of filter-feeding fish, mainly feeding on the crustaceans of zooplankton. Faster growth, stocking paddlefish full-length 25 cm, up to 50 cm, weighing 0.5 kg, up to 80-85 cm in the second year, weighing 2.5-3 kg
Breeding:
Females are sexually mature 8-10 years old and males are 7-9 years old. They are the earliest mature fish of the carps, with a relative fecundity of 3,500 capsules/kg of fish and an ovary occupying 15%-25% of body weight. Egg diameter 2-2.5 mm, sticky. Spring spawning, the water temperature of 16 °C incubation about 6-7 days, water temperature 18-19 °C, about 5-6 days.