Preventive methods

Preventing drug hazards should be based on prevention and prevention. Therefore, we must consider various factors in a comprehensive manner and prevent the first.

Correct diagnosis of vegetable pests and diseases, we must correctly diagnose, understand the symptoms and extent of pests and diseases, accurate diagnosis of pests and diseases, and then select the type of pesticides, to achieve the right medicine, according to the control of pesticide application, to prevent misuse of pesticides, to avoid the occurrence of phytotoxicity. For pesticide-sensitive vegetables, resistance testing should be done first.

Use new drugs with caution New drugs or unused drugs, or pesticides used on technical data, should be tested in a small area, and experience should be used in large areas.

Full understanding of the properties of the drug Before using (purchasing) the pesticide, be sure to check the instructions on the pesticide label carefully to understand the characteristics of the drug, to achieve proper treatment, and to avoid the use of inappropriate drugs.

To fully understand the quality of pharmaceuticals such as the decline in the suspension rate of wettable powders and suspensions, the poor stability of ECs, the presence of delamination, and the large number of precipitates or precipitations of many crystals, all of which can cause phytotoxicity and should be avoided.

The correct use of the drug must be applied according to the required concentration, dosage, application period, and frequency of application. High temperature (above 30°C), strong sunlight, relative humidity less than 50%, wind speed over 3 degrees in the summer noon, and heavy rain or heavy dew can not be applied. Before the seedlings are used for medicine, they must open a shed to practice seedlings, and they should not immediately close the shed after taking the medicine.

Cleaning medicine equipment should pay attention to cleaning. For example, the sprayer sprayed with herbicide must be washed several times and washed repeatedly with soapy water or 2%-3% hot alkaline water several times before flushing with clean water. Such as sprayed 2,4-D sprayer to use 0.2% soda water to clean the body and nozzle, then soak with water for 8-12 hours, and finally wash with water.

Knowing how to use herbs for the former crops when planting vegetables in former times, especially herbicides must be clearly understood. The use of atrazine for weeding the former has a serious injury to the vegetables of the next crop. For instance, the watermelon will affect the growth of watermelons and produce melons. There is no harvest.

When mixing pesticides with reasonable mixing, pay attention to the characteristics of the mixed varieties, and do not mix and increase the amount and concentration.

After spraying the sprayer, grasp the anti-harm measures after spraying. After applying a pesticide, thoroughly clean the sprayer. Properly deal with the spray residual liquid, so that it can't be thrown away, so as to avoid phytotoxicity.

In the vegetable crops, the national banned pesticides should not be used to pay attention to the safety intervals of pesticides used. After harvesting, vegetables are not harvested during the safe interval.

Remedy

To strengthen the management of the occurrence of phytotoxicity in the seedbed, seedlings can be used to reduce injury. If the seed damage or seedling damage is light, the management of fertilizer and water should be strengthened, and nitrogen fertilizer should be properly added to promote early-onset seedling growth. In the later stages of plant growth, timely cultivating loose soil or artificial soil, adding appropriate phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, promoting root development, and improving the crop's own ability to recover. Seeds or seedlings that have suffered heavy damage should be replanted or transplanted in a timely manner.

Prompt ventilation Ventilation of harmful gases and the formation of smoke agents must be strengthened to increase ventilation time.

In general, water rinsing usually causes damage to the foliage and plants. If it is discovered in time, it can be quickly sprayed with a lot of fresh water on the victim's part and sprayed repeatedly 2-3 times to remove the residual drug from the vegetable surface. This method is effective for relieving the harm caused by pesticides with poor systemic absorption, and it is poorer for the harm caused by pesticides with strong internal absorption.

Fertilizer remediation For the pesticide harm produced by spraying pesticides, it can be sprayed with 0.1% potassium permanganate once it is found to be rinsed with clean water. After the oxidation of potassium permanganate, some drugs are decomposed to minimize the damage. And cultivating loose soil, promote root development and enhance crop recovery. Afterwards, the leaves should be sprayed with nucleotides to protect the leaves. The product with a concentration of 0.05% is used 400 times. In order to improve the effect, it can be mixed with sodium nitrophenolate 6,000 times, which is beneficial to the damage recovery of vegetables and can reduce the recovery time.

In case of misuse or excessive use of organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates, and other pesticides that cause alkaline decomposition failure, spray ammonium bicarbonate and other alkaline fertilizer solutions to detoxify them. The role of root fertilization and promote plant growth and development.

For the phytotoxicity of foliar spots, leaf blight, or plant yellowing, spray cytokinin can be used to prevent the leaves from turning yellow again. It can also be used together with nucleotides. With cytokinins it is possible to avoid rapid decomposition of chlorophyll and restore leaf viability.

The phytotoxicity caused by aerosols can be remedied by spraying 6000 times solution of sodium nitrophenolate or alizarin lactone after prompt release of air.

Drainage and irrigation remediation of some herbicides caused by phytotoxicity, proper irrigation and drainage can also reduce the degree of injury.

Hormonal Remedies For herbicides and plant growth regulators that inhibit or interfere with gibberellin, such as 2.4-dibutyl phthalate, dimethyl tetrachlorm, ethephon and other agents, gibberellins, brassinosteroids and other hormones can be sprayed. Plant growth regulators ease the extent of injury. For the inhibition of growth induced by triazole drugs, gibberellin 30-50 mg/kg can be used to promote the growth and relieve the inhibitory effect of the drug. In order to increase the speed of damage recovery, besides spraying nucleotides and sodium nitroprusside, chitin can also be added. 80% of the products can be used 600 times, which can promote recovery and reduce secondary diseases.

Removal of severely toxic areas is good for relieving phytotoxicity caused by systemic drugs. After absorbed drugs are absorbed by vegetables, they can be gradually expanded to prevent disease. After the leaves are damaged by phytotoxicity, the leaves with discoloration and discoloration must be removed in time to control the penetration of the pharmaceutical agent in the plants.

In case of serious phytotoxicity, you can change it as appropriate. For the removal of edible vegetables, water soaking, boiling water scalping, peeling, and multiple washings may be used to remove residual pesticides.

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