How does garlic planting technology make fertilization high in garlic? The price of garlic that has not been falling for several years has made many people interested in growing garlic. Many people have said that they should consider planting garlic. We will not consider how long the heat of garlic can last. Today, I will introduce the cultivation techniques of garlic. Garlic was introduced into China from the Western Regions during the Qin and Han Dynasties. It was cultivated by artificial cultivation and has anti-cancer effects. It is popular among the public. Garlic grows strong, has strong cold resistance, high convulsion rate, and is resistant to storage. It is suitable for autumn planting. The cultivation techniques of garlic are as follows.

Growth habit

Garlic is a string-like fibrous root; the ability of water-absorbing fertilizer is weak, and the bulb grows and expands in the soil. Therefore, garlic should be cultivated on a plot with loose soil, good drainage and rich organic matter. Although the adaptability of garlic is large, it is better to use sandy loam. Because the sandy loam is loose, it is suitable for root development, returning to early green, early convulsions, large garlic and spicy flavor, easy to garlic.

1, temperature: like cold, suitable temperature is -5-26 °C. The 4-5 leaf stage of garlic seedlings has the strongest cold tolerance, and the most suitable wintering Miaoling.

2. Illumination: The garlic that completes the spring flower begins to differentiate between flower buds and buds under long-term sunshine of 13 hours and above, and is suitable for stem and leaf growth in a short and cold environment.

3, moisture: like wet and fear of drought

4, soil and nutrition: soil requirements are not strict, but rich in organic matter, loose and breathable, water and drainage performance of fertile loam is more suitable.

Planting preparation

The plots of planted garlic are ploughed and ploughed immediately after harvesting of the previous crops, and the ground is re-ground before planting. The base fertilizer should be applied before the tillage. Garlic has a long growing period, high population density, and large amount of fertilizer. Generally, it is applied with high-quality organic fertilizers such as manure, manure and manure, and 5000 to 8000 kg; and 20 to 30 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Organic fertilizers should be fully decomposed. If raw fertilizer is used, garlic roots will be burned during fermentation, and underground pests will be caused, especially in the mantle.

1. Land preparation. The depth of ploughing is generally around 20cm. It should be finely ploughed, flattened and tamped. There is no obvious smashing, and it can reach “qi, loose, broken and clean”. According to the water source, the length of the crucible can be determined to be 80-100 m long and 4.2-4.4 m wide, or 40-50 m long and 4.2-4.4 m wide.

2, choose the species. Artificial suede flaps, remove the trays and stems of garlic, grade according to large, medium, small and garlic hearts. The small garlic cloves are processed according to the specific conditions. The requirements are pure white without red tendons, no scars, no sugar, no light skin. . The principle requires about 5g per weight. Seed size is the key to high yields.

3. Sowing at the right time. Garlic sowing should be timely. The planting time is at the beginning of the end of the autumn season (the end of September and the beginning of October), and the temperature is about 17 °C. Before planting, you should wear garlic cloves for 1 to 2 days.

4. Reasonable close planting. Generally, the line spacing is 20cm, the plant spacing is 16~17cm, and about 20,000 square meters per 667 square meters. The method is to use a hoe or a trencher to open a ditch. The depth of the ditch is about 5 cm. After planting, the soil above the garlic is about 1 cm. When planting, remember to water.

Field management

1. Irrigation

Garlic requires a large amount of water, and it is generally necessary to pour 4 times of water throughout the growing season.

1 Covered water: After sowing, the garlic needs to be watered in time, poured into the ground, and one plant does not leak, watering 100 cubic meters per 667 square meters. This water not only meets the needs of garlic cultivation, but also provides convenience for covering the mulch film.

2 strong seedling water: generally watered in the first half of April or when the ground temperature is above 15 °C.

3 out of the moss water: the garlic moss just poured the water on the tip.

4 swell water: pour this water after pulling out the garlic.

2, the plastic film covered. Film mulching is the key to increasing garlic production, which can increase ground temperature, decompose organic matter quickly, reduce water evaporation, and meet the environmental needs of garlic. After the filming water is poured, the ground is slightly sunken, and the film is covered by a laminator or an artificial method. Either way, the film should be tightened and pressed on both sides to prevent the film from being lifted when the wind blows in autumn and winter.

3, put seedlings. The garlic buds just broke the soil, and the mulch was smashed in time to expose the seedlings to the outside of the membrane. Generally, the morning or evening, the temperature was low, the film was elastic, and the mulch was patted with a new broom or used with a bamboo hoe.

4, artificial grass. During the growth period of garlic, the temperature is relatively low, and the weed damage is mainly after the Spring Festival. Because of the mulching film, it is artificially eliminated. The method is to use a thick iron bar or 8mm steel bar to fold the "7" shaped small ditch, and remove the small grass seedlings from the small film.

5, pull out the garlic. It is the best time to pull out the garlic when the upper part of the garlic is bent upwards from the bottom. The method is lightly lifted by hand from 11 noon to 3 pm every day.

6, fertilization

The principle of green food garlic fertilization is based on organic fertilizer, and a small amount of chemical fertilizer is applied; the base fertilizer is mainly used, supplemented by top dressing.

1 Base fertilizer: In late September, every 667 square meters of high-quality farmyard manure (fully decomposed manure, compost, cake fertilizer) 5000kg, urea 20kg, potassium sulfate 10kg. Ask for uniformity and then plow the field.

2 Top dressing: In the first year of April of the second year, combined with pouring seedling water, 10kg of quick-acting fertilizer urea per 667 square meters. In mid-April, 0.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate was dissolved in 50 kg of water per 667 square meters.

Pest Control

Because the green food garlic is mainly planted with organic fertilizer, the disease resistance of the plant is strong, and the temperature of the garlic during the growing period is low, the garlic pests and diseases are relatively light, and the common pests and diseases are leaf blight and garlic.

1, blight. Leaf blight is a major disease in the growth process of garlic. When the damage is serious, garlic is not easy to extract the moss, which affects the yield of garlic. The general control method is: 75% chlorothalonil wettability per 667 square meters in the early stage of the disease in mid-April 100 g of powder, diluted with water and sprayed once.

2, garlic. Garlic clams are not common in the general year. The plots that occur on the garlic cloves can be combined with the land preparation. When the garlic is planted and ditched, 40 kg of grass ash per 667 square meters is applied to the ditch, which can effectively control the occurrence of garlic cloves. However, when the damage of garlic is more serious, drug control can be used. The prevention and treatment method is 100mL of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate per 667 square meters in late April. After dilution with water, it is poured into the root of garlic.

3, the disease

[Illness] The leaves are water-stained gray-green from the tip of the leaf. It seems to be scalded by water. The mottled surface is faintly mottled. The disease and health are not obvious. The lesions are generally not obvious, such as the appearance of sparse white mold, dry. It is easy to disappear.

[Pathogenesis] The pathogens overwinter in the sick body with mycelium, oospores and chlamydospores. Generally, it is spread by rainwater sputtering and irrigation water, and it is easy to occur in the rainy weather or in low-lying, poorly drained plantations.

[Control method]

1 Choose resistant varieties according to local conditions.

2 Strengthen fertilizer management to increase plant resistance.

3 early spraying prevention, using ethyl phosphine aluminum manganese zinc 70% 1000 times liquid or frost gram dew.

4, garlic leaf blight

[Pathogenesis] Leaf blight mainly affects garlic leaves, and the onset begins at the tip of the leaf or other parts of the leaf. At the beginning, the flowers are white with small dots, and then expanded into irregular or elliptical gray-white or gray-brown lesions. The black mold is formed on the upper part. In severe cases, the diseased leaves are all dead, and many black small particles are scattered on the surface. When the damage is serious, the whole plant does not smoke.

[Pathogenesis] The pathogens are over-wintered with the hyphae or ascospores in the soil or on the garlic. In the second year, the ascospores cause initial infection under suitable conditions, and the disease ministers re-infect the conidia.

[Control method]

1 before the sowing, add new high-fat membrane seed dressing, soaking seeds. The garlic peeled off 50% of the carbendazim WP, and the amount was 0.3% by weight of the garlic seeds.

2 Not continuous cropping, replanting other vegetables, cleaning the sick plants in time, burning or deep burying, reducing the source of bacteria.

3 Strengthen field management. Reasonable fertilization, reasonable close planting, timely drainage and drainage, reducing temperature and enhancing plant disease resistance.

4 In the early stage of the disease, timely drug control. 70% ethyl phosphine aluminum manganese zinc wettable powder can be used 500-700 times, once every 7-10 days, continuous prevention and control 2-3 times.

5, purple spot disease

[Pathogenesis] The onset of the field begins in the tip of the leaf or in the middle of the peduncle. It spreads to the lower part in a few days. It initially shows a small white spot with a slight depression. The center is slightly purple. When enlarged, it has a yellow-brown spindle or oval lesion. When the humidity is high, the humidity is high. The disease department produces black mold, which is the conidia and conidia of the pathogen. The lesions have concentric circles and are easily broken from the diseased part. The neck of the bulb that was infected during storage became dark yellow or reddish brown soft.

[Control method] Spray 75% chlorothalonil WP 500-600 times solution or 64% anti-virus WP WP 500 times, 40% Dafu Dan WP 500 times solution, 58% metalaxyl Mn Zinc wettable powder 500 times liquid, 50% seawater WP 1500 times liquid, once every 7 to 10 days, continuous prevention and treatment 3 to 4 times, have good results.

6, garlic soft rot

[Pathogenesis] Garlic soft rot is a bacterial disease, which is conducive to the onset of low temperature and high humidity. After the garlic is infected, it first develops from the leaf margin or midrib, and forms yellow-white streaks along the leaf margin or midrib. It can penetrate the whole leaf. When the humidity is high, the diseased part is yellowish brown soft and rot. Generally, the foot leaves first develop, and then gradually expand to the upper leaves to cause the whole plant to be yellow or dead. Pest control: Because pests cause wounds on garlic, which is conducive to the invasion of soft rot, some pests carry germs inside and outside, and directly spread the disease. Therefore, the control of pests is very important for the prevention and treatment of soft rot. In the early stage, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of underground pests such as golden worms and cockroaches. From the beginning of the seedling stage, pests such as yellow, curved, and mantle should be controlled.

[Pharmaceutical control] 72% agricultural streptomycin 3000-4000 times solution or 47% Jiaruinong WP750 times solution, 50% dexamethaline 1000 times solution, neomycin phytomycin 3000-4000 times before or during the onset of disease The liquid is sprayed once every 5 to 7 days, and the disease is continuously controlled 2-3 times. The focus should be on the light-stained strain and the plants around it, paying attention to the base of the stem of the plant near the surface.

Harvest storage

1. Harvest. The garlic harvest season is generally in the middle and late May, before and after the small full. When the garlic leaves are yellow, the garlic cloves can be harvested when they stand out. When harvesting, use a special tool - garlic, do not break and not hurt. After harvesting, the garlic should be aired in time to dry out, and it is necessary to prevent exposure and prevent saccharification. The usual method is: garlic leaves cover the garlic in the field for 10h, then the garlic must be cut off (must be cut, cut, must not hurt the garlic), put the ventilation to continue drying, until the garlic stalks dry Eighty-nine percent, cut garlic stalks 2cm under the garlic, bag, put the ventilation to continue drying, but can not directly expose to the sun. After the garlic is harvested, the residual mulch film is removed in time.

2. Grading. The dried garlic head is graded according to the size and quality of the garlic. Green food garlic is divided into special grade garlic according to the specification (cross ≥70mm, stem length ≤15mm), first grade garlic head (cross ≥60mm, stem length ≤15mm), secondary garlic head (cross ≥50mm, stem length) ≤15mm), three grades of garlic (crossing <50mm, stem length ≤15mm=; according to the appearance and quality, divided into first, second, third, etc.).

3, packaging. Green food garlic should be packaged according to the specification grade. The unit weight is the same, the size and specifications are the same. The packing box or packaging bag should be neat, dry, breathable, non-polluting and odor-free. The green food logo design should be standardized. The package should be marked with the product name and variety. , net content, origin, distribution unit, packaging date, etc.

4. Storage and transportation. The green food garlic storage area should be clearly marked, placed in a dedicated thermostat storage, non-green food products and green food products are prohibited from being mixed, green food transportation uses special transportation tools, and cleaning is carried out according to the regulations before loading to ensure the transportation process. Does not contaminate garlic products.

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