Tomatoes are the most common type of vegetable in greenhouse cultivation and are often planted year after year due to limited cultivation conditions. Because the humidity in the greenhouse is large, the temperature difference is large, and the disease is heavy, if it is improperly cultivated and managed, it is prone to premature aging, resulting in serious tomato drop and fruit drop, reduced yield, decreased quality, and increased malformed fruit, which seriously affects the economic benefits of vegetable farmers.

First, the symptoms of tomato premature aging, premature aging of the performance of the plant dwarf, thin stalks, collaterals; leaves small and yellow, sometimes the leaves on the emergence of knob-like; flowering results in advance; small fruit, poor coloring, prone to cracking, empty fruit and Strange fruit; reduced plant resistance.

Second, premature causes

1. Continuous failure caused premature aging. Due to the restriction of facility conditions, greenhouse tomato is often planted continuously for many years and continuously for many years. As a result, soil compaction, serious diseases and pests affect the normal growth of tomato roots and the absorption of nutrient elements, leading to premature aging of tomato.

2. Over-controlling causes premature aging. Premature or premature harvesting of vegetables before harvesting resulted in the failure of timely planting of seedlings, resulting in a long seedling age. As a result, some farmers have adopted measures to control the growth of seedlings, such as controlling fertilizers and lowering the temperature. As a result, it is likely that small old seedlings will be formed, leading to premature aging of tomatoes.

3. Immature water causes premature aging. First, premature aging caused by dehydration and dehydration. Such as soil drought, excessive seedlings, do not pay attention to fertilizer and water management, resulting in dehydration of tomato dehydration. The second is not to pay attention to the application of organic fertilizer, one-sided increase in chemical fertilizers, resulting in soil compaction, decreased permeability, affecting root growth and development, causing premature aging of tomatoes. Third, excessive application of one-time fertilizer resulted in increased soil concentration, impeded root growth, and caused premature aging.

4. Premature aging caused by improper use of hormones. In tomato cultivation in the greenhouse, especially in the late autumn, due to the high temperature in the early stage, the humidity in the greenhouse is large. If the planting density, fertilizer and water management, and temperature regulation are not properly implemented, it may easily lead to leggy tomatoes. In order to prevent tomato growers, some vegetable farmers are often used to spraying paclobutrazol, vasopressin, and booster hormones for convenience. However, when using drugs, if the concentration is too large, or repeated medication, it is easy to form aging seedlings, causing tomato premature aging.

Third, comprehensive control measures

1. Rational rotation. For premature tomato failure caused by continuous cropping obstacles, three-year or more rotations with non-vegetarian vegetables may be used. Before sowing, the sun should be deep-rooted in time and decomposed organic fertilizer should be added to improve soil physical properties and to eliminate soil compaction. At the same time, disinfectants are used to disinfect the soil and prevent disease.

2. Scientifically arrange the sowing period. The tomato seedlings in protected areas in spring are generally 60-70 days old, autumn yam is 30-35 days, and fall and winter pods are 40-50 days old. According to the mouth and seedling age to determine the appropriate sowing time. To prevent premature aging due to the age of the seedlings and the large seedlings that control their normal growth. In order to cultivate strong seedlings and prevent seedlings from becoming leggy, we can increase the area of ​​nursery beds, control the watering appropriately, and increase the spacing between the seedlings.

3. Apply fertilizer timely. To apply sufficient base fertilizer before planting the tomato, the base fertilizer should be dominated by organic fertilizer, combined with a certain amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and trace fertilizer to ensure that the tomato has sufficient nutrient supply during the growth period. After entering the result period, pay attention to flushing with water and Supplement plant nutrition in time. Toxic seedlings after the emergence of the root to promote the timely development of seedlings, but the seedlings can not be excessive, seedlings should be timely watering fertilizer. After watering, it must be warmed and then ventilated to avoid premature aging caused by excessively low temperature. Also note that the amount of water should not be too large for each time to prevent rooting.

4. Scientific prevention of tomato leggy. In order to avoid tomato premature aging caused by the use of hormones to prevent tomato growth, it is best to strengthen the cultivation and management methods of restraining leggy: First, appropriate control of fertilizer and water; Second, in the temperature range to meet the normal growth of tomatoes, the use of low temperature management; When planting, the row spacing should be increased properly; the fourth is timely pruning and removal of old leaves. If the length of the appetite is more serious, then hormone therapy is used to suppress leggy, but it is necessary to strictly follow the instructions for scientific dispensing and medication so as to avoid premature aging of tomatoes due to excessive concentrations or repeated medications.

5. In the event of premature aging, the following measures can be taken to promote its normal growth. The first is to top-dress the fertilizer in time, add some nitrogen fertilizer and appropriate amount of phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and trace fertilizer; the second is to properly increase the temperature in the greenhouse and promote the synthesis of photosynthetic products in the normal growth range of tomato; , appropriate to retain less fruit to promote vegetative growth; Fourth, timely harvest early, and timely removal of the lower yellow leaves and diseased leaves, reduce nutrient consumption; Fifth, foliar spraying of alkaloids, love more income and other plant growth regulation The agent promotes its normal growth.

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