Garlic is a brand crop of our town. It has an annual planting area of ​​200hm2. It is mainly cultivated with green garlic and garlic. It has high yield, storage and transportation, a wide market, stable prices, and good planting efficiency. Autumn garlic can be harvested before the Spring Festival. , Harvested garlic in May, superior in terms of time, better prices, higher efficiency.

First, biological characteristics

Garlic leaves are flat, with a folded, not hollow, pseudo stems held by many leaf sheaths supporting the upper leaves, play the role of the stalks, is the main edible part of the leaves with garlic; garlic germination temperature is about 22 °C The suitable temperature for the growth of stems and leaves is 15~20°C, and the suitable temperature for late growth is about 25°C; after sowing, it is the growing period of leaves, from autumn to winter, the climate is cold, the growth is less, and the tissues of leaves and pseudostems are It is also softer and can be eaten as garlic. After warming in the spring, the temperature rises, the leaves grow faster, and the bulbs begin to expand until mature in May [1].

Second, the cultivation method

1. Cultivation season

The garlic in my town is generally planted in the middle or late September. After the middle rice is harvested, it is planted in open field. The growth period of garlic is 80-90 days. The harvest period is around the Spring Festival, and the garlic growth period is 160-175 days. The harvest period is in the second year of May. .

2. Field selection and site preparation

2.1 Field selection

Select a plot of sandy loam or loam soil that is easy to cultivate, soil is loose and fertile, and the soil is deep and well drained and irrigated.

2.2 Site Preparation Base Fertilizer

After mid-season harvesting, the fields should be cleaned up in time, and the soil should be ploughed in depth, broken and flattened, and the base fertilizer must be applied. Every 666.7 tons, 5 parts of fertilizer urea and 25 parts of calcium perchlorate should be poured into the soil. It is generally 1~1.2m wide and has a width of 25~30cm.

2.3 timely planting and improving quality

2.3.1 Variety selection

The garlic head of Guangdong Zhongxin Garlic with large head, large flaps, and flaps was used as a kind of planting. Before the planting, the pupa flaps were graded and the rotten, worm-eaten and broken clove were removed.

2.3.2 sowing method and seeding rate

Insertion method, depth of 3 ~ 4cm, spacing 15 ~ 20cm, spacing 6 ~ 7cm, close planting, promote high yield, every 666.7 with the amount of garlic 150 ~ 200?, dried garlic 120?. Into the soil, make it upright, so that the sowing direction of the seed flap should be parallel to the ditch. After sowing, cover the soil 2 ~ 3cm, irrigated with water, covered with grass, after spraying acetochlor to prevent weeds.

2.4 Fertilizer Water Management

2.4.1 Top dressing

Although garlic seedlings have nutrients in their growth stages, in order to promote the growth of seedlings and increase the nutrient area of ​​the plants, it is still appropriate to top-dress. Since the ability of the roots to absorb water and fertilizers is weak, top dressings should be applied to reduce fertilizers to avoid emergence of fertilizers. Tip yellow. Garlic dressing usually 3 to 4 times.

2.4.1.1 Seedling fertilizer

After the garlic out of the Qimiao, apply 1 light human fecal urine to raise the seedlings, avoid applying ammonium bicarbonate to prevent burn seedlings. Every 666.7 tons of human excrement 400?.

2.4.1.2 Sheng long fertilizer planted 60 days after the first application of decomposing human and animal fertilizer plus fertilizer, every 666.7? 1000-1500?, Potassium sulfate or potassium chloride 5?. Promote seedling growth, stout stems and stout.

2.4.1.3 When the fat garlic head begins to swell during pregnancy, due to the need for more nutrients, China Agricultural Net should reuse the available potassium fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer. The best fertilizer is applied during this period. For every 666.7%, use compound fertilizer 10-15? and water 1000-1500? .

2.4.1.4 Garlic inflated fertilizers need to be topdressed for 30 days before garlic harvesting available nitrogen, potassium fertilizers such as nitrogen and potassium fertilizers every 666.7? Application 5-10 ?.

2.4.2 Moisture Management

2.4.2.1 Qi seedlings generally sowed 1 week that Qi Miao, after the application of Qi Miao Fei, if the soil is dry, can be watered 1 times to promote seedling growth.

2.4.2.2 The seedlings are irrigated once after the seedlings are raised in the early stage. Therefore, it is a period when the autumn rain is more, so it is necessary to control irrigation.

2.5 Pest Control

2.5.1 Garlic purple spot

Most of them occur at seedling heights of 10 to 15 cm. They are the most harmful in the later stage of reproduction. They are mainly harmful to the leaves. Pollution-free control methods: selection of disease-resistant varieties and strengthening of field management; implementation of rotation for more than 2 years; spraying 75% white fungus WP at the early stage of disease 500 to 600 times liquid, 64% anti-virus WP 500 times, every 7 ~ 10d spray 1 time, 3 to 4 times, 7 days before harvest to stop medication; timely harvest, low temperature storage.

2.5.2 Garlic leaf blight

Mainly pest leaf or pedicel. Non-pollution control methods: timely removal of damaged leaves and pedicels; strengthen field management, rational close planting, drainage in time after rain, improve host disease resistance; spray 10% Shigao water dispersible granules 1500 times , 50% carbendazim WP 700 times. Every 666.7m2 spray good liquid 60kg, every 7 ~ 10d1 times, continuous control 3 to 4 times.

2.6 Harvest and Production

2.6.1 Garlic is eaten with young leaves and pseudo-stems. After sowing in mid- and late September, it is harvested once before the Spring Festival. The general yield is 30,000 to 35,000 kg/hm2.

2.6.2 Harvesting of garlic heads. Garlic can be harvested in May, with a yield of 25,000 to 29,000 kg/hm2. After harvesting, they are allowed to dry in the fields for a few days, then bundled and bundled and hung or stored in a cool place.

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