In recent years, the price of beef has been continuously rising, and the relative reduction in the number of cows in stock has led to the expansion of the scale of breeding cows. This directly promotes the production of beef cattle and breaks the bottleneck of beef cattle development. With the continuous promulgation of relevant policies and the huge demand of the market, breeding cows have become a key project for increasing farmers' income. Can breeder cows include basic cows and reserve cows, mainly referring to about 16 months, weighing 360-450 kg, and have reached sexually mature cows. The following technical points should be paid attention to:

Choose a good variety

The main purpose of rearing and breeding cows is to breed calves, so it is very important to choose breeds. In the selection of varieties, we should not blindly select some "excellent varieties". We must combine local climate, feed supply and other factors to select varieties with high productivity, short feeding periods, and good economic returns. For example, the Montberiya improved cattle from France, the main feed corn silage, suitable for grazing in the mountains, is the resistance to disease, fertility and adaptability are relatively strong meat and dairy cattle, more suitable for southern mountain farming. After its improvement, it has the advantages of low cow yield, adaptability, resistance to extensive management and other advantages. This is a dual-purpose cattle, Simmental, which can be successfully cultured in Inner Mongolia and other places.

In addition to the direct introduction of fine varieties, it is also possible to quote a number of fine breed cattle and local fine cows for binary or three-way hybrids, thereby obtaining a herd that is more in line with local demand and higher productivity. Studies have shown that the reciprocal crossbreeding of the two breeds can increase the average weight of the yaks by 15%, while the recurrent hybrids of the three cultivars can even increase by 19%. These hybrid breeding bulls can be slaughtered as beef cattle and the cows are left to be able to reproduce. The cow continues to produce until it is eliminated.

Build a comfortable home

Cattle site selection. If you build a large cattle farm, you should follow the following guidelines: convenient transportation but not close to the major traffic routes; convenient but remote from the township; conducive to the prevention of plague; not close to factories and slaughterhouses; preferably in the downwind direction of the villages and towns The open terrain has expanded the farm space. In addition, the cattle farm should be selected where the terrain is high, the geology is solid and dry, the drainage is good, and the slope is gentle. Low-lying, inconvenient drainage, poorly-ventilated air, and inadequate lighting are not suitable for building cattle farms. Cattle have a greater need for water, especially cattle drinking more water in the summer, so there must be clean, flowing water around the cattle farm for cattle to drink.

Barn construction. The area of ​​the cowshed should be determined according to the number of cows and the variety requirements. Generally, an adult cow needs to occupy 3 to 4 square meters and a calf needs 2 square meters. Generally, the type of building is divided into open type and semi-open type. The building materials include civil and brick. The internal structure is single-row, double-row, multi-row. The specific building type of the cowshed can be comprehensively considered based on factors such as the local environment, the number of cows, and the breed of cows, and specific architectural details can be determined.

Cowshed environment. The cowshed should be kept cool in winter, cool in summer, and warm and dry. The bottom is impervious to water, and there is no accumulated sewage. The air in the house is fresh, clean and sanitary. A certain number of windows are needed in the cowshed to ensure sufficient sunlight and air circulation. Segregate the feed from the faeces, place the faeces pool in the downwind and low-lying areas of the cowshed to avoid contaminating the source of the cowshed and prevent disease.

Provide nutritious feed

Nutrition plays a decisive role in the estrus of the cows, breeding, and the health status of calves, but any kind of feed cannot contain all the nutrients needed by the cows. If the feed is undernourished, it will postpone the growth of young cows, postpone sexual maturation and shorten the effective breeding time of the cows. If the adult cow is undernourished, it will lead to no obvious estrus, even miscarriage or stillbirth. However, excess nutrients can also make cows less susceptible to fetuses. Therefore, when feeding, attention should be paid to the nutritional status of the cows, and nutrition should not be lacking. It is also necessary to avoid excess nutrients.

Feed is divided into many kinds. The better grasses are valerian grass and Sudan grass, etc. The hay materials are corn stalks, rice straw, etc. The concentrate feed includes corn, soybean cake, bran and so on. Different periods of cows have different needs for feed, such as: during the calf period, in addition to breastfeeding, they need to be supplemented. During this period, corn, soybean cake, wheat bran, and bone meal can be used to make a concentrated feed, which will provide a large amount of nutrients for calves and promote the development of gastrointestinal and digestive glands, allowing them to grow rapidly. When cows are fed a certain amount of barnyardgrass later in pregnancy, the milk fever that occurs during childbirth can be avoided.

Strengthen feeding management

Pay attention to the use of cows. In routine management, care should be taken to avoid improper use of cows. For example, abnormal milking over a long period of time can lead to a decline in the constitution of the cow and reduce the rate of conception. If excessive use is made of pregnant cows, it can even cause miscarriage.

Pay attention to epidemic prevention. In the large-scale farms, the prevention and control of the epidemic is the top priority of the husbandry and management. In the daily feeding to the cow to create a quiet eating environment, when storing feed, to avoid the incorporation of sundries, it is strictly prohibited to use feed that has been corrupted or contaminated feed cattle. Keep the cowshed dry and clean, free of contaminants such as toilets and water. Clean the body from time to time for the cattle, keep the body dry and clean. Regularly check the eating and mental status of the cows and consult a veterinarian if any abnormalities are found.

Strengthen the health management of cows. The management of cows' health has to be carried out in two aspects. One is daily feeding. According to the cow's different periods, different emphasis should be given on feeding; on the other hand, the cow body should be fortified, for example, to guarantee sunbathing for a certain period of time every day. Cows in late gestation quantify daily physical activity.

With the continuous development of the breeding industry in China, the market for cultivating cows continues to expand. Breeding and breeding of cows has become a key project for farmers in many areas in China to increase their income. From the selection of the farm site and the choice of cowshed structure, we must fully consider the needs of cattle breeding, introduce suitable varieties according to the experience of other regions, and select different feeds for feeding according to the different needs of different ages of fertile cows and introduce them. The only advanced feeding and management model is that it can truly feed high-quality, high-fertility energy-producing cows.

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