I. Variety selection

According to the geographical and climatic characteristics and altitude, the selection should be based on local conditions. It is required to use varieties with large grains, good scab, and strong disease resistance. The main producing areas of broad bean in the range of 1600-2400m above sea level are selected from local white broad bean, Fengdou 10, Yundou 83324 and Yundou 80-15. The main producing areas of broad bean in the range of 1500-1600 meters above sea level are selected as K0729 and other improved varieties.

Second, measuring soil fertilization

The broad bean in my county is mainly distributed in the dam area and mountain valley areas with an altitude of 1500-2100 meters. The average yield per mu is 400 kg. The leguminous crops absorb about one-third of the required nitrogen from the soil. Therefore, when calculating the use of nitrogen, two-thirds of the required amount can be removed as the actual application amount. Based on other fertility factors (90ppm of available nitrogen, 20ppm of available phosphorus, and 90ppm of available potassium), 1,000kg of farmyard manure, 26kg of urea, 26kg of normal calcium, 13kg of potassium sulfate, and 0.6kg of ammonium molybdate are required for each 1.0mu of broad beans. During the fertilization process, the target yield of broad beans and the amount of nutrients required to achieve this output should be determined first. Then, besides the nutrients supplied by the beans in addition to the soil, the number of nutrients to be added should be calculated, and finally how much fertilizer should be applied.

Third, timely sowing, rational close planting, strengthen management

(a) timely sowing, improve the quality of sowing. The suitable sowing time for broad bean in our county is mid-October, generally after rice is harvested (early-green broad bean in low-heat valley area can be sown in early August, usually after sowing of tobacco and other crops), timely sowing and sowing, soil Over-drying is not conducive to emergence, the soil is too wet, and it is easy to rotten. It is advisable to use the finger-pressure beans to enter the mud.

(B) rational close planting. In my county, broad bean is mainly pods and cowpeas. When sowing seeds, we use the method of separating the plants from each other. The row spacing is controlled at 0.3-0.35 meters, the spacing is 0.1-0.12 meters, and about 18,000-25,000 plants are planted per acre.

(3) To fulfill the requirements of the "three covers: calcium gypsum, farmyard manure, and soil cover." After sowing, 100% of the total amount of calcium used per mu, 100% of the total amount of potassium sulfate, and 1,000 to 1,500 kg of farmyard fertilizer are planted, and the furrows are opened at 2.0-2.5 meters. The furrow depth should be about 0.15-0.2 meters. The width of the ditch is 0.3-0.4 meters. When the ditch is excavated, it is evenly covered in the whole field.

(d) Strengthen the management of the middle plough. Before spraying, 0.6 kg of ammonium molybdate was sprayed per acre, and 60% of the total urea was sprayed after the first flowering period, and the amount of urea was increased by combining the amount of urea with a total of 40 urea per acre. %. Faba fragrant and wet, when irrigation, speed irrigation and quick withdrawal.

(five) combine topping. If the broad bean growth is too prosperous, after the seedling stage, the top 2-3 moss leaves can be removed and combined with the topping to remove the sick and weak branches.

Four, broad bean harvest

The harvest time is determined by the use. The harvested pods can be used as vegetables. When the leaves are brown, they are harvested mainly for feeding, but they must be harvested before the lower leaves of the broad bean are set aside.

V. Broad bean pest pest control

(I) Vicia faba disease

1, rust: mainly damage leaves and stems. In the initial stage, only small yellow spots appeared on both sides of the leaves, and the color gradually deepened, showing yellow-brown or rust brown, and the spots expanded and bulged to form the uredia spores heap. The severely diseased leaves or stems are covered with urediaspores, and the uredia spores on the leaves and stems later form dark brown ovals or irregularly shaped teliospores. The epidermis ruptures and curls to the right and left sides. The black powder is the teliospores. The winter and spring temperatures in my county are relatively high. Soon after the early sowing of broad beans, the onset of disease began, and the onset center was formed. From February to March of the following year, it was rainy and prone to occur. From the perspective of soil quality and topography, low-lying water, heavy soil, dense growth, and poor permeability are all serious diseases. The stems and leaves of the lower part of the plant are early and heavy. Early-maturing cultivars have a short growing period and can avoid disease. Control methods:

(1) timely sowing, to prevent the onset of pre-winter disease, reduce the pathogenic base number, avoiding the rust disease at the end of the reproductive period.

(2) Early-maturing varieties were selected and harvested before or near the maturity of rust.

(3) Proper close planting, ditching drainage, timely pruning, reducing the humidity in the field

(4) The initial onset of spraying 50% of rust powder 500-600 times, or spraying with 20% powder 1200-1500 times spray, every 10 days or so, continuous control 2-3 times.

2, broad bean spot disease: Broad bean leaves, stems, flowers can be affected. The leaves became infected with small red spots, and gradually expanded into round or oval spots. The central russet was slightly sunken and the surrounding dark brown swelled slightly. The junction of diseased and healthy parts was obvious. The lesions were spread on both sides of the leaves; the diseased stems or petioles began to appear red. Small spots, later expanded to dark brownish-brown spots on the edges, cracks formed after the epidermis ruptured, variegated tan dots in flowering disease, browning and wilting of corolla after expansion; British infected animals entered the seed through the esculenta, resulting in small seed coats erythema. Poor or poorly drained acid soils and potassium-depleted continuous cropping fields facilitate disease incidence, and low-yield rice fields are at risk of disease. Control methods:

(1) Plant disease-resistant varieties, promote the cultivation of sorghum deep-ditch, drain water in time after rain, reduce the humidity in the field, properly plant dense plants, and pay attention to ventilation and light transmission.

(2) The use of formula fertilization technology, avoid partial nitrogen fertilizer, increase plant ash or other phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, enhance disease resistance.

(3) Two or more years of rotation are carried out. After the harvest, the diseased plant residues are removed in time and buried or burned.

(4) Seed Dressing Seed Dressing 0.3% 50% carbendazim wettable powder dressing.

(5) Spray 40% polysulfide suspension 500 times solution or 50% nonglips wettable powder 1000 times, 50% acetaminophen wettable powder 1500 times, 50% fast koning wettable powder 1500 2000 times liquid, once every 10 days, continuous control 2-3 times.

(B) Vicia faba insect pests

1. Broad bean worms: Adults and nymphs suck the leaves of young leaves, tender stems, flowers and cardamom so that the leaves curl and turn yellow, and the tender pods turn yellow. In severe cases, the growth is affected and the production is reduced.

Control methods: 70% single crown, or 2.5% fluconazole WP or 25% buprofezin WP, 30-50 g per mu, also available 10% Ertongjing (Imidacloprid) WP 2000x Or 10-20 grams per mu, 60 kg of water, and the effective period is 30 days. In addition, 80% of the insecticidal powder or 2.5% of the cream 2000 times, 50% of the wet fog powder 2000 times, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2500 times.

2. Liriomyza sativae: Both adults and larvae can be damaged. Female adults fly to invade the plant's leaves, feeding and spawning. The larvae invade the leaves and petioles and cause harmless snake-like white insects. The chlorophyll is destroyed, affecting photosynthesis, and the heavy-vegetated leaves fall off, resulting in flower buds and fruits. Was burned and severely destroyed. In the early stages of the development of Liriomyza spp., the larvae were irregularly stretched linearly, and the end of the larvae often became significantly wider. The affected plots were affected by 30% to 100%, 30% to 40%, and severe crop failures.

Control methods: The rapid development of drug resistance of Liriomyza sativae has the characteristics of high resistance level, which brings great difficulties in prevention and control. Therefore, it has attracted widespread attention from all parts of the country. When there are 5 larvae on a leaf of a victim crop, the larvae are controlled before the 2nd instar larvae (the worm tract is very small), and when the dew dew occurs at 8-11 hrs, the larvae start to move to the foliage or when the mature larvae drill on the worm larvae. 25% spot clearing cream 1500 times liquid or 48% chlorpyrifos 1500 times, 98% bantan original powder 1500 times, 98% insecticidal single soluble powder 800 times, in addition, promote application of 0.12% Tianli II Wet powder 1000 times liquid, 40% green vegetable treasure emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times, 1.5% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate 3000 times, 36% chrysalis chrysanthemum emulsifiable concentrate 1000-1500 times, 5% stuck emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times. Prevention and control time is good at 8-12 when the adult emergence peaks.

Six, pay attention to the prevention of freezing damage to spring crops

1. In the low-cold cold-cropping area, attention should be paid to drainage.

2. Irrigation Antifreeze: Irrigation before the occurrence of frost damage to slow down the cooling rate may delay or prevent the occurrence of frost.

3, to strengthen management: roots loose soil, cultivator weeding, drain drainage.

4, removal of early flowers: removal must be appropriate, the wound should be small, after removal of timely application of available nitrogen fertilizer.

5. Adding phosphorus and potassium fertilizers: spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate earlier, using 0.5-1.0 kg of mu to increase plant resistance.

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