The quality and health of pigs have gradually become the collective name for excellent pig breeds. The excellent varieties are the biological basis for the production of pollution-free safe pork and an important guarantee for the production of high-quality meat products. In recent years, the pig industry has proposed a new term, namely, healthy breeding, which means that the selection of high-quality pig breeds is no longer limited to its germplasm and appearance, but also requires a high degree of health. If the pig's own resistance is very poor, then its rate of disease will increase as it grows.

Some pig producers blindly pursue the size and weight of pigs, and blindly choose some feed additives that can increase the fat or increase the lean percentage of the carcass without considering the consequences. In addition, the selection of high-yielding pig breeds is also very important. The main reason for choosing pig breeds is to see if they are high-yielding. High-producing breeds are pig breeds that produce more high-quality products and have higher economic returns. Concentrated performance in the number of litters in sows, boar semen quality, fast growing pigs, high feed conversion rate, high lean meat. The selection of high-yielding pig breeders for raising can not only promote pig production, satisfy people's demand for pork and its products, but also ensure market competitiveness and obtain higher production efficiency. Large-scale modern pig farms promote self-breeding and use the best heterosis benefits of pigs for breeding. Pigs with high reproductive rates, fast growth, and good flesh quality should be selected.

2 . The introduction of pig breeds

In order to improve the overall quality of the herd and maintain a high level of production and achieve high-quality, high-yield, and high-efficiency purposes, pig farms often need to import pig breeds from other countries or even abroad as the father of economic hybrids, the basic material for breeding, or the production of commodity pigs. . When importing pig breeds from outside, the following issues must be noted.

(1) When the introduction breeding plan must introduce pig breeds, the farm should combine its own actual conditions, determine the required variety and quantity according to the population renewal plan, and selectively purchase can improve certain performance of the breeding pig and satisfy itself. The good individuals that are required to have the same health status as their own pigs, if they are to be bred into the nucleus for breeding, should purchase boars or gilts that have been tested for performance. The new pig farm plans from the aspects of the scale of production of the pig farm, the product market and the direction of the future development of the pig farm, and determines the number, variety and level of the imported pigs. According to the introduction program, select high-quality, reputable breeding farms. Before the introduction, it should be investigated whether the place of production is a non-epidemic area, and there is a quarantine certificate of origin, and no breeding pigs can be introduced from the affected area.

(2) Selection of species that meets needs First, the introduction must take into account the needs of social development and the use after introduction; secondly, the introduction of varieties should have good economic value, breeding value and adaptability, and adaptability is a prerequisite for high yield. Generally speaking, introduction is easy to succeed when the climate and environmental conditions of the place of introduction are not much different from the place of origin.

(3) Attention should be paid to individual selection. When selecting individuals, in addition to paying attention to the characteristics of the species, pedigree review is also required. The breeding farms are required to provide the immunization program and the immunization status of the breeding pigs purchased. The date of the vaccine injection. It is advisable to sell the boars after measurement, together with the data and the third generation pedigree of the breeding pigs. Pay attention to the performance of the parental or sibling performance, genetic diseases, and kinship. In particular, the introduction of boars should have no kinship, otherwise it would easily lead to inbreeding, with adverse consequences on production.

(4) Quarantine should be done well when introduced, and strict implementation of the isolation observation system is one of the main measures to increase the production level of the herd, but it is also a serious loss of the disease. Therefore, at the time of introduction, it is necessary to confirm that there is no major epidemic disease at the introduction place and issue a certificate to the local animal epidemic prevention department at or above the county level; the introduced breeding pigs are kept for at least 30 days in isolation, during which observation, quarantine, and veterinary inspections are performed. Only after qualified for health can breeding be mixed. The quarantine technical specifications for breeding pigs mainly include the following aspects:

1 Transfer the quarantine before the start of breeding. Breeding pigs are quarantined on the original breeding farm or isolation farm 15 to 30 days before departure. Investigate the epidemic situation of the farm in the past 6 months. If there is an epidemic of infectious disease and anthrax, brucellosis, or dysentery, stop the transfer of susceptible pigs. View the records and vaccination records of the out-of-breeding pigs, followed by group and individual quarantine, and make detailed records. Group quarantine and individual quarantine are carried out in accordance with GB 1 6549. Diseases that should be used for clinical examinations and laboratory tests include foot-and-mouth disease, swine fever, swine vesicular disease, mycoplasma pneumonia, and Treponema pallidum. Those who have been confirmed to be healthy animals by inspection are issued a "health certificate" and allowed to leave.

Quarantine of 2 pigs during transport. When the pigs are shipped, the local swine quarantine department should send personnel to the site for supervision and inspection. Vehicles, ships, engine rooms, and feeding utensils that carry pigs must be cleaned, washed, and sterilized prior to loading; they must be checked by the local swine quarantine department and transported to quarantine certificates. During the transit, fodder, drinking water and related materials are not allowed to be filled in stations, ports and airports in affected areas. During transportation, the escort officer should observe the health status of the breeding pigs regularly, and find that the abnormalities are timely contacted with the local pig quarantine department and dealt with according to relevant regulations.

Quarantine of 3 pigs after they arrive at their destination. After the breeding pig arrives at the site, observe it in the isolation field for 30 days according to the quarantine needs. During isolation observations, quarantine inspections, individual quarantine, clinical inspections, and laboratory tests are required. After being determined as a healthy animal by quarantine, it can be used for breeding, production and use.

(5) Proper arrangement of transportation In order to ensure safe introduction of pigs to their destinations and prevent accidents, adequate feed, especially green feed, should be prepared for transport. Do summer cooling work well, winter attention to cold and warm. Pigs have not been exposed to other cloven-hoofed animals during shipment and transportation, and transportation vehicles should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected.

(6) Feeding and Management of Breeding Pigs Newly introduced breeding pigs should be kept in isolation housings instead of directly into the farm production area, because doing so may bring about new diseases, or the same diseases may be caused by different strains. After the breeding pig arrives at the destination, it immediately disinfects the ground around the loading platform, the vehicle, the pig body and the unloading vehicle. The breeding pigs are then unloaded and reared according to size, male and female, and the breeding pigs with damage, prolapse, etc. should be immediately separated. Single-column rearing and timely treatment. Pigs were first given drinking water. After a rest for 6-12 hours, they could supply a small amount of feed. The next day, they could gradually increase the amount of feed. After 5 days, they could resume normal feeding. The first 2 weeks after the arrival of the breeding pig, due to fatigue and environmental changes, the body's resistance to the disease will be reduced, feeding and management should pay attention to minimize stress, can be added to the feed antibiotics (Tiamulin available 50m kg , aureomycin 15Om-year-old kg) and a variety of vitamins, so that the pigs as soon as possible to return to normal.

Isolation and observation: After the breeding pigs are on the farm, they must be kept in the isolation house for 30 to 45 days for strict quarantine. In particular, special attention should be paid to diseases such as Brucella and pseudorabies (PR), and the blood must be collected and examined by the relevant veterinary quarantine department to confirm that there are no bacterial and viral wild virus infections, and to monitor the status of antibodies such as swine fever and foot-and-mouth disease.

The breeding pigs should be vaccinated for various types of vaccines such as swine fever according to the immunization procedures. The 7-month-old replacement pigs can be used for some immunizations that cause reproduction-deficit diseases such as parvovirus and Japanese encephalitis vaccine. Wait. In the isolation period, the breeding pigs will be fully dewormed after vaccination. They can use daramycin (such as Pfizer "Panticide") or long-acting broad-spectrum insect repellents such as long-acting ivermectin to be injected subcutaneously. Deworm it so that it can fully develop its growth potential. After the isolation period is over, the body of the batch of pigs is disinfected and transferred to the production area for normal production.

(7) Introduce the test and observe. The most reliable way to determine the value of a variety of introduced varieties is to introduce trials. The introduction of a small number of individuals first, followed by observation, proved that the variety had good economic value and seed use value, but also adapted to the local natural conditions, and then introduced the species on a large scale.

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