The basic idea of ​​this autumn wheat planting work is to focus on green high-yield and high-efficiency, with water-saving quality as the core, and to focus on the promotion of water-saving varieties and the combination of supporting technologies and agricultural machinery and agronomy, and further optimize the planting structure. Improve the quality of sowing and lay the foundation for wheat harvest. Focus on 7 key links.

First, focus on water-saving varieties, optimize planting layout

Focus on promoting water-saving and high-yield products, and expand the area of ​​high-quality special wheat. It is recommended that the overall variety layout this year be:

1. In the central and southern regions of Guizhou, the following varieties are mainly planted: Heng 4399, Guan 35, Shi Nong 086, Zhongmai 155, Heinong 6049, Shimai 22, 邯6172, Jimai 22, Nongda 399, Yingbo 700, buckwheat 15. Xingmai No.7, Shannong 20, Qumai 585, Heinong 7069, Luyuan 502, Shixin 828, and 103.

2. In the north central region, the following varieties are planted: Heinong 6425, Zhongmai 175, Qumai 119, Jingdong 18, 169, 987, He Nong 130, Nongda 5181, Jinghua 11, He Nong 6049 Wait.

3. High-quality strong gluten wheat, mainly planted in Shanyou 2018, Shanyou 5218, Yuyou 9415, Shi 4366, Shiyi 02-1, Shiyou 20, etc.

Second, focus on the planting of the foot, and lay a good foundation for water conservation

Wheat "seven crops, three tubes." Sowing the foot is not only the key to ensuring the seedlings, the seedlings, and the seedlings, but also the basis for realizing water-saving cultivation during the whole growth period. Take a variety of measures to ensure that the foot is planted. The first is to promote the land. That is to say, in the middle and late stages of corn grouting, it can not only increase the yield of corn, but also ensure the sowing of wheat ankle and realize the dual use of water. The second is rumor planting. After the harvest, the soil is lacking in the soil, and the bottom of the soil is promoted to avoid pouring water (except clay). The third is sowing. In the sowing period, the soil is full of moisture, and the quality of the seedlings and the land required for water before winter can be ensured.

Third, focus on controlling the amount of broadcast, create a reasonable group

In accordance with the principle of matching ground power, sowing date, variety and quantity, we will focus on the following key measures.

1. Reasonable broadcast volume. In recent years, the amount of sowing has gradually increased, causing the group to be oversized and the threat of lodging to increase. According to the ground force, sowing date and variety characteristics, reasonable broadcast volume should be determined. Within the suitable sowing date, the middle and southern wheat areas in the middle and south of the country have a basic seedling of 200,000 to 250,000 mu, 250,000 to 300,000 in the eastern wheat area, and 300,000 in the northern wheat area. Due to the delay in the maturity of the former crops, the amount of sowing should be appropriately increased. The number of seedlings per mus per day will increase by 10,000 basic seedlings per day, but the maximum should not exceed 350,000.

2. Sowing at the right time. Proper seeding is a prerequisite for determining a reasonable amount of sowing. The average daily temperature of winter varieties is 16 °C ~ 18 °C, and the average daily temperature of semi-winter varieties is 14 °C ~ 16 °C. Sowing at a suitable temperature, the accumulated temperature from sowing to wintering can reach 500 ° C ~ 600 ° C, the individual growth of wheat reaches 5 to 6 pieces of main stems and leaves, and the number of stems is 3 to 5. In the case of 200,000 to 250,000 basic seedlings per acre, the total number of stems before winter can be controlled within the appropriate range of 700,000 to 1 million. In the general year, the sowing period in the southern wheat area is from October 8 to 18, the central wheat area is October 5-13, the northern wheat area is October 1-8, and the eastern wheat area is from September 26 to October 5. day.

Fourth, focus on seed treatment and autumn grass treatment to achieve precise prevention and control

Seed dressing or coating of wheat seeds is a key measure to effectively control the damage of soil-borne, seed-borne diseases and underground pests. Weeds Qiuzhi is the key to the treatment of grassy malignant weeds, and it is also an important measure to achieve green prevention and control. At this time, the dosage is small, the cost is low, and the effect is good. At the same time, environmental pollution and drifting phytotoxicity can be reduced.

1. Seed treatment. Seed coating with 6% tebuconazole + 70% imidacloprid seed coating agent, or seed dressing with 22.6% thiamethoxam + 2.2% chlorfenapyr + 2.2% difenoconazole, can prevent soil-borne, seed-borne diseases And a variety of pests and diseases such as underground pests, to achieve "one package and more defense", while achieving long-term prevention and control of aphids.

2. Weeds in autumn. Gramineous weeds in the grassland have an “island-type” aggravation trend in some areas of our province, posing a potential threat to wheat production. We advocate the prevention and control measures that are mainly used every three years or so to reduce the number of pests and diseases. On this basis, in the 3 to 4 leaf stage of wheat, the weeds 2 leaves 1 heart to 3 leaves stage for chemical weeding in autumn. Control the wild oats, see Mai Niang, ryegrass and other grass weeds, use 6.9% Hummer EC 40-60 ml plus 30 kg of water for foliar spray. Control the section of wheat, buckwheat, use 3% Shima or 3.6% broad-horse, add 30 kg of water spray. To control broad-leaved weeds such as sage, amaranth, and swine fever, use 7 to 1.8 g of 75% bensulfuron-methyl dry suspension, or 10% bensulfuron-methyl WP, or 20% to make it aroma oil 50 ~ 60 ml, add water 30 ~ 40 kg, evenly spray. Control the alkali and hard grass. After the emergence of wheat, use 25% isoproturon WP 200-400 g per acre and add 20 kg of water to spray.

3. Control the rule. Vigorously promote the use of large-scale drug-using machinery, plant protection drones and other advanced equipment for professional defense and rule, improve operational efficiency and control effects, reduce pesticide use and packaging pollution. The herbicide should be sprayed with a fan-shaped sprayer. The conditional place can be applied by a self-propelled sprayer sprayer at an angle of 80-100 degrees and a height of 40-70 cm from the crop to ensure the best results.

V. Focus on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium supplementation to improve utilization efficiency

Scientific fertilization is the main measure to increase yield and quality. In view of the fact that the current application of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer is large, and the amount of potassium fertilizer is relatively insufficient, it is necessary to further optimize the fertilization technology and improve the fertilizer utilization rate according to the yield target and soil fertility.

1. Add organic fertilizer. It is necessary to make full use of waste resources such as livestock and poultry manure, increase the application of organic fertilizer, replace part of chemical fertilizer application, improve soil structure, and increase the organic matter content of the plough layer. In general, high-yield fields are applied with organic fertilizers of 2,500 to 3,000 kg, and medium and low-yield fields are applied with organic fertilizers of 3,000 to 4,000 kg.

2. Precision formula fertilization. The application of chemical fertilizers should be determined according to the soil fertility level and the production target, so that the precise formula fertilization can be reduced. Generally, the total nitrogen application in the wheat field is 14-16 kg, of which 6-8 kg of pure nitrogen is applied, 7-8 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 5-7 kg of potassium oxide. On the basis of doing a good job of soil testing formula, determine the reasonable ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micro-fertilizer, and vigorously promote the application of formula fertilizer. Actively promote the application of fertilization and sowing, the depth of fertilization is not less than 10 cm, and should be applied 3 to 5 cm below the side of the seed.

6. Focus on the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, and promote cost-effectiveness

The combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy can improve the quality and efficiency of work and achieve cost-effectiveness.

1. Straw returned to the field. After the corn is mature, it is necessary to harvest in time, and vigorously promote the joint operation of corn harvesting and straw crushing and returning to the field. Whether it is directly returning to the field or indirectly returning to the field, it is required to smash the straw and avoid the excessive growth of the straw to affect the emergence and growth of the wheat. After smashing of straw, before rotary tilling and deep turning, in addition to conventional fertilization, 100 kg of straw per acre, plus 10 kg of ammonium bicarbonate or 3.5 kg of urea, and conditional addition of 2 to 3 kg of straw rot per acre. Stalk agent to speed up straw rot.

2. Deeply leveling the ground. For plots that have been ploughed for more than three years, they must be 30 to 35 cm deep. The plots that have been loosened in the past 3 years can be rotated 2 to 3 times, and the depth of rotary tillage should be 15 cm or more. After the rotary tillage, it is necessary to smash and suppress, so that the plough layer is illusory, the soil surface is flat, and there is no clear and dark.

3. Fine seeding. Planting is carried out at a line spacing of 12 to 15 cm, and the width of the planter is separated by one line spacing. The sowing depth is generally 3 to 5 cm. When the seeding operation is carried out, the machine should be moved at a constant speed, with a speed of 4 to 5 kilometers per hour, to ensure uniformity, uniformity of depth, uniform line spacing, no leakage, and no replay.

4. After the broadcast, suppression. Post-sowing repression is an effective measure to improve the drought resistance and emergence quality of wheat seedlings. All localities should use wheat sowing machines with repressing devices. When the wheat is planted, the seeds are pressed with the seeds. After that, special pressure is used to suppress the cracks. After the broadcast, it is necessary to seize the best time: sunny, noon sowing and less sensation, to be suppressed early; in the morning, evening or cloudy sowing, good sensation can delay the suppression. If the soil water content is too high, it is necessary to pay close attention to the changes in public opinion and suppress it when the situation is appropriate. The weight of the roller should be 100 to 130 kg / m.

7. Focus on promoting weak control and cultivating strong seedlings before winter

Grasping the management of wheat fields before winter is the key to cultivating strong seedlings before winter, ensuring safe wintering, and striving for active management of spring wheat fields in the next year. It is also the basis for realizing water-saving and stable cultivation.

1. Watering the winter water. In the central and southern regions, the soil with suitable soil moisture, high land preparation quality, sufficient bottom fertilizer, normal growth, and suitable group of wheat fields will not be poured over winter. In the northern wheat area and the sand-sand land in the central and southern areas, or in the wheat fields with poor quality, severe running, and autumn drought, it is necessary to timely pour the frozen water before winter to ensure the safe wintering of wheat. The winter irrigation time is generally carried out when the daily average temperature is stable at 3 °C ~ 4 °C, the water can be infiltrated in time, and the soil is frozen before completion. Advocate water-saving irrigation, prohibit flooding of large water, timely raking after irrigation, loosening soil to ensure that winter water is used.

2. Promote control before winter. In the wheat field with a long trend before winter, mechanical repression or chemical control measures should be taken before wintering. In the wheat fields where the base fertilizer is insufficient and the seedlings are weak, it is necessary to combine the watering before the winter, and apply the fertilizer in an appropriate amount to promote the weak and strong.

(Source: Hebei Agricultural Science Network 110)

This article URL: Autumn wheat planting in Hebei Province in 2017 and winter watering management technology

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