I. Overview:

1. Almond is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. There are two kinds of almonds: bitter almonds and sweet almonds. Medicinal is usually bitter almonds, and Chinese medical bitter almonds are paired with other traditional Chinese medicines. A is used to treat colds and coughs, asthma, chronic bronchitis and maternal and elderly constipation. Sweet almonds have nourishing and nourishing the lungs, lowering the air and stopping phlegm, treating consumptive cough, and chest tightness.

2, almonds can not be denied is that as long as the daily amount of almonds to be manipulated within a reasonable range, almonds are still very beneficial to the human body. Almonds have a lot of pharmacological effects such as moisturizing the lungs, relieving cough, laxative and so on. It can be said to be suitable for all ages. Recent studies have found that almonds are also anti-cancer fruit. Use almonds to replace low nutrient density foods in their diets to reduce blood cholesterol and maintain heart health.

3, bitter almonds are known to be poisonous, but for ordinary sweet almonds and their processed almonds, people's guarding heart is not so strong. Many people regard it as a favorite snack and can not put it down. Almonds contain potassium cyanide, a highly toxic compound. Eating raw or eating more is poisonous. Bitter almonds are commonly used as medicines, and their toxicity is tens of times higher than that of sweet almonds. The toxic side effects of sweet almonds are not to be underestimated. Many ancient Chinese medicine books record almonds as "small poisons" and "poisonous." The clinical experience of old Chinese medicine practitioners is that sweet almonds do not eat too much if they eat too much.

Second, almond side effects:

1, almonds contain potassium cyanide, is a highly toxic compound. Eating raw or eating more is poisonous. Cook or cook 5-10g each time is very good for constipation. It is mainly used to make medicines and cannot be eaten as peanuts.

2, where yin loss, yin fire, it should not be long-term oral administration of a single herb. Such as tuberculosis, bronchitis, chronic enteritis, dry cough without sputum embolism taboo single drug Jiufu.

3, apricot taste acidic hot, and a slick role, due to the fetal gestational fetal heat is heavier, it should generally follow the "prenatal yiqing" principle of food and drink, and the apricot's thermal properties and slick tires for Taboo of pregnant women.

4, almonds contain highly toxic substances hydrocyanic acid, can cause tissue suffocation and death, children eat 7 to 10 almonds can be lethal, so in order to avoid its toxic substances through the placental barrier affect the fetus, pregnant women fasting almonds.

5, almonds with a large number of fatty acids, for infants and people who have diarrhea and loose stools can cause or aggravate diarrhea. For mild discomfort caused by almonds, 60 g of apricot bark peeled off the rough skin may also be used to remove the plum juice.

Third, almond mild poisoning adverse reactions:

1. Adverse reaction mechanism: bitter almonds contain amygdalin, amygdalin leads to poisoning due to hydrocyanic acid in cattle, oxycyanic acid is a protoplasmic poison, and it rapidly binds to cytochrome oxidase and blocks the reduction of Fe3+ after invading the human body. Through the biological redox suspension of cytochromes A and C, the tissue cells cannot breathe, causing tissue suffocation and producing toxic hypoxia in the cells. Its role in the central nervous system is first excited after paralysis, respiratory paralysis is the main cause of hydrocyanic acid poisoning death.

2, poisoning adverse reaction performance: bitter almonds contain a kind of amygdalin, in the role of enzymes and acids, can be hydrolyzed to glucose, benzaldehyde and highly toxic hydrogen cyanide, this highly toxic hydrocyanic acid absorbed by the body , Combined with tissue cells containing iron respiratory enzymes, so that the cells can not benefit from rain and oxygen, the human body will therefore cause hypoxia, mild headache, dizziness, weakness, nausea, severe cases of abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, confusion, etc. In severe cases, they will die of paralysis in the respiratory center. Young children lose their lives as long as they eat 0.0i grams of hydrocyanic acid.

Fourth, the clinical manifestations of severe almond poisoning:

After poisoning, there are first symptoms of mucous membrane irritation or even corrosion, mouth bitterness, itchy throat, burning sensation, runny nose, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, fatigue, rapid heartbeat, increased blood pressure, confusion, cyanosis, shortness of breath, etc. Slower and irregular, smelling bitter almond, feelings of fear and feeling of oppression in the upper part of the chest. Loss of consciousness, incontinence, dilated pupils, loss of light reflex, strength, hair, and teeth Closed, elevated body temperature, hepatomegaly, reflexes disappeared or weakened, and finally breathing became shallow, extremely irregular, tidal breathing, cold limbs, deep coma, shock, usually died of respiratory palsy and suffocation, breathing often preceded The heartbeat stopped. The patient's blood was bright red, not coagulated, and the appearance of the skin was flushing. Autopsy can be found in the stomach, lungs, liver, kidneys and spleen congestion or spots, changes in the central nervous system for meningeal edema.

Fifth, prevent almond poisoning:

1. Bitter almonds are soaked in water to remove the seed coat, then soaked in water for several days, and often change the water until the bitter taste is removed. Cook or fry when eating, because heat treatment can destroy the activity of bitter amygdala and volatilize hydrocyanic acid, so that processing almonds into almond cream, or almond tea is safe.

2. The key to prevention and treatment of almond poisoning is to manipulate the amount of almonds to be consumed. Whether it is medicine or food, whether it is sweet almond or bitter almond, the total daily amount should not exceed 12 grams. Once found almond poisoning to the hospital in time. For people with weak stomach, old Chinese medicine suggests that it is better to eat less almonds.

3. Wild bitter almonds contain more amygdalin and should not be eaten. The nucleus of other fruit, such as peach kernel, Coix seed, plum kernel, almond (Almond), also contains different amounts of amygdalin, so it is best not to eat it.

Six, almond poisoning treatment and rescue:

1. If symptoms of poisoning occur within 4 hours after eating, use a 1:2000-1:5000 potassium permanganate solution and plenty of clean water or 3% hydrogen peroxide to fully induce gastric vomiting. Then take sodium thiosulfate 2g. Can also be used 10% sodium thiosulfate solution gastric lavage, and indwelling 100ml in the stomach, so that with the gastrointestinal tract hydrocyanic acid into non-toxic thiocyanate compound, 15 minutes orally 1 spoonful of ferrous sulfate solution.

2, combined use of sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate: nitrite can form methemoglobin with hemoglobin, and cyanide ion (CN-) can be combined with methemoglobin cyanide methemoglobin, thus lifting the cyanide ion to cell respiration Enzyme inhibition, but cyanide methemoglobin gradually dissociates and releases cyanide ions after a few minutes. Therefore, sodium thiosulfate must be injected immediately to form a stable thiocyanate with cyanide and excreted by urine.

Specific usage:

(1) Take 1-2 isopentyl nitrites quickly and break them. Let the patient inhale them from mouth and nose for about 15-30 seconds. After 2 minutes, inhale once again according to the previous method. This can be repeated several times according to the situation, but The total amount must not exceed 5-6.

(2) At the same time, as soon as possible with 3% sodium nitrite solution 10-20ml, intravenous infusion (about 2-3ml per minute), once the blood pressure is found, should be stopped immediately, if necessary, with pressurized drugs (not available Adrenaline) and oxygen, blood transfusion.

(3) After the injection of sodium nitrite, use the same needle to inject 50% sodium thiosulfate 25-50ml, and if necessary, repeat half or full half an hour injection (in children, 0.25-0.5g/kg).

3, if there is no sodium nitrite, can be used in the dose of 10mg/kg Methylene blue added 5% glucose solution 40ml intravenous injection, followed by injection of sodium thiosulfate, but the effect is not as good as sodium nitrite.

4, can be used according to the acid dicobalamine 5-15mg/kg, add 50% of the glucose solution intravenously, if necessary, can be repeated 8-10 times, this product with cyano binding force greater than cytochrome oxidase and cyano With 0.8g of dicobal acid edetic acid, 0.1g of cyanogen can be combined with the binding force.

5. The aldehyde group of glucose can combine with cyanide ions to form non-toxic nitriles. Intravenous injection of hyperosmotic glucose solution can promote the excretion of toxic substances and prevent cerebral edema and pulmonary edema.

6. Symptomatic treatment: If necessary, respiratory stimulants, cardiac stimulants, sedatives, and booster drugs are given. Severe patients are given cytochrome C, and other treatments such as oxygen inhalation and artificial respiration are given according to circulation and respiratory conditions.

7, Chinese medicine treatment:

(1) Apricot root 60-90g. Decoction is taken orally, once every 4 hours.

(2) raw radish or cabbage 1-1.5kg, smashed juice, add brown sugar or amount of sugar, and uniform frequency service.

(3) leeks root 0.5kg, smashed, boiled water.

(4) Guizhi, acacia, red peony each 9g, safflower, peach kernel 15g, cinnabar 1.5g (blunt), decoction, morning and evening hours service.

(5) Licorice and black jujube each 120g, Shuijianbi.

(6) Mung bean 60g, decoction, add sugar orally.