The second-stage reverse osmosis pure water equipment is an important equipment for pure water engineering now.
The secondary reverse osmosis pure water equipment is a device that uses two-stage reverse osmosis technology to prepare pure water. Secondary reverse osmosis is the further purification of primary reverse osmosis water. The reverse osmosis pure water equipment system adopts different processes according to different source water quality. After the tap water is treated by the first-stage reverse osmosis pure water equipment system, the conductivity of the produced water is <10μS/cm, and the conductivity of the produced water after the second-stage reverse osmosis pure water equipment system is <2μS/cm or even lower, in reverse osmosis pure water. The equipment system is supplemented with an ion exchange device or an EDI device to prepare ultrapure water to a resistivity of 18 megaohms (conductivity = 1 / resistivity).
The second-stage reverse osmosis pure water equipment is a reverse osmosis membrane that relies on pressure to force water molecules to selectively permeate water molecules, that is, the principle of reverse osmosis water purification. The device is a reverse osmosis device rooting various materials. The different osmotic pressures can be separated, extracted, purified and concentrated by a reverse osmosis method that is greater than the osmotic pressure. It can remove more than 98% of dissolved salts in water and more than 99% of colloids, microorganisms, particulates and organic matter, and become a good equipment for modern pure water and space water (ultra-pure water) projects.
Working principle of two-stage reverse osmosis pure water equipment
Reverse osmosis is the process by which water spontaneously flows from the side of the dilute solution through the semipermeable membrane to the side of the concentrated solution. The semipermeable membrane only allows water to pass through, while preventing the passage of dissolved solids (salts), which are continuously diluted as the water flows. When the pressure generated by the flow of water to the concentrated solution is sufficient to prevent the water from continuing to flow in, the permeation is in an equilibrium state. When the equilibrium is reached, the amount of water flowing from either side through the semipermeable membrane to the other side is equal, that is, in a state of dynamic equilibrium. At this time, the pressure p is called the osmotic pressure of the solution (note: one side of the semipermeable membrane is pure water, and the other side is a salt solution). When there is an applied pressure on the concentrated solution, and the pressure is greater than the osmotic pressure, the water in the concentrated solution flows through the semi-permeable membrane to the dilute solution, so that the concentration of the concentrated solution is larger, and the process is the reverse process of permeation. For reverse osmosis,
Infiltration is a spontaneous process, while reverse osmosis is a non-spontaneous process. The reverse osmosis pure water equipment system utilizes the principle of reverse osmosis to pressurize the high-content brine to be treated with a high-pressure pump, forcing water to pass through the reverse osmosis membrane to achieve the purpose of removing salt.
Reverse osmosis technology is a modern high-tech developed in China in recent years. Reverse osmosis is the application of a pressure greater than the osmotic pressure to the solution, allowing water to separate from the solution through a special semi-permeable membrane. Because this process is contrary to the phenomenon of infiltration, it is called reverse osmosis. According to the different osmotic pressure of various materials, a reverse osmosis method larger than the osmotic pressure can be used for a certain solution to achieve the purpose of separating, extracting, purifying and concentrating the solution.
The secondary reverse osmosis pure water equipment is mainly used to separate the ion range in the solution. It does not require heating and has no phase change process, so it has lower energy consumption than the conventional method. The reverse osmosis pure water equipment has small volume, simple operation and wide application range. The reverse osmosis pure water equipment is used to treat industrial water, does not consume a large amount of acid and alkali, has no secondary pollution, and its operating cost is relatively low.
Non-Inactivated Disposable Virus Sampling Tube
This disposable Non-Inactivated virus sampling tube is an upgrade from the Hank's solution. Additional various components, such as BSA, HEPES, amino acids, cryoprotectant, etc., are added to enhance the virus integrity. It can be used for nucleic acid extraction of virus, mvcoplasma chlamydia and ureaplasma samples and later virus isolation.
This disposable non-inactivated virus sampling tube consists of fibrous swab and culture medium.The medium contains antibiotics and antimycotics for the purpose of inhabitation of bacteria and veasts overgrowth. It helps to maintain the cellular integrity and preserve the viruses, mycoplasma, chlamydiae and ureaplasma.
When collect specimens with this disposable Non-inactivated virus sampling tube, tube can be transported to the laboratory at 2-8ºC within 2 days. If it can not be delivered to the laboratory within 48hours, it should be stored at-70ºC or below, and ensure that the collected specimens are delivered to the laboratory within 1 week. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. For best performance, complete testing within 24 hours.
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