Autumn basal fertilization of fruit trees, increased storage of nutrients in the tree, sufficient reserves for promoting robust tree growth and flowering in the following year, fruit set, young fruit cell formation, robust shoot growth, early leaf area formation, shortened nutrient turnover period, and early entry into floral bud physiological differentiation Nutrition is one of the most important and critical fertilization practices. Do not be careless and careless. The fruit growers vividly called the autumn fertilization the “monthly child fat”, just like a woman’s pregnancy in October, once she had a childbirth, had a mental and physical distraction, and nutrient depletion. It was necessary to supplement her nutrition in a timely manner in order to ensure the health of the mother and child.

After fruit trees are swollen during the later period, the tree nutrient consumption is empty after harvest. Especially late-maturing apples, if the base fertilizer is not applied in sufficient time after harvesting, the tree's storage and nutrition are seriously deficient. Not only winter and spring will cause rot disease to multiply, but also will cause flowering, fruit setting and fruit cell formation in the next year. Severe impacts will cause inflorescences to be weak, fruit set-up rate is low, young fruit heads are small, and thin and thin new shoots are leaves, extending the period of nutrient conversion.

Basal fertilizer is the most basic and most important fertilization in orchards. It is related to the supply of various nutrients during the fruit tree cycle. Qiu Shiji should pay attention to timeliness, rationality, and scientificity. The time of fertilization is generally from September to October. The demand of apple for N, P and K nutrients is proportional to the demand. At the same time, organic fertilizer should be added to supplement the appropriate trace elements. The fertilization method should be fertilization or hole application; On the inside of the outer edge of the canopy; the depth of fertilization, usually in the root-centred distribution layer of 20-40 cm. The root application requires the peripheral projection of the tree crown. The digging trench is applied shallowly. Generally, the length of the ditch is 150-200 cm, the width is about 40 cm, and the depth is 40 cm. The fertilization in autumn can increase the fruit setting rate by 8-10% and increase the yield by 10-15% compared with spring and winter, and the effect of increasing yield and quality is very obvious.

Autumn fertilization has other benefits

First of all, the nutrients consumed during fruit sprouting from early spring to flowering and fruit setting are mainly nutrients stored in the tree in the previous year. The best period for accumulating nutrients is the period from fruit harvesting to defoliation. Autumn base fertilizer can increase the nutrient reserve of the tree body.

Secondly, autumn is the last peak of growth in the root system in one year. It has a strong vitality and strong ability to absorb nutrients. It is also conducive to delaying leaf senescence, enhancing the photosynthetic capacity of autumn leaves and increasing the nutrient reserve of the tree.

In addition, the soil temperature in autumn is higher and the soil moisture is better, which is conducive to soil microbial activity. The applied organic fertilizer is quickly cooked and easily absorbed by the root system. Studies have shown that fertilization in autumn can increase the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium fertility by 1x, 5x, 3x, 2x, and 2x, respectively.

Finally, autumn fertilization can improve the root growth environment and improve the stress resistance of the tree. Combined with autumn fertilization and deep turning of the soil, the soil structure can be optimized, and the soil permeability conditions can be improved, which will facilitate the growth of roots and respiration, and increase the ability of the soil to retain water and fertilizer and prevent overwintering.

Therefore, the use of basal fertilisers, winter basal fertilisers and spring basal fertilisers are all the same expenditures for labor costs and labor services from purchasing fertilizers to fertilizers, but the effects of fertilization received are quite different.

Therefore, many experts and professors called for: fruit trees, autumn Shiji Fei is "gold", winter Shiji Fei is "silver", spring Shiji Fei is "broken copper and rotten iron." The majority of fruit farmers should fully understand the important implications.

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