Release date: 2015-04-13

Cancer cells are not contagious, which is a default known in biology. But this common sense has been broken on the east coast of North America, a deadly leukemia-like condition that has spread from Prince Edward Island in Canada to New York State. This may be caused by cancer cells that float freely in the water. Stephen Goff of Columbia University in the United States, described the widespread spread of this cancer as "in a state of super transfer, can spread to new animals." This study was published in this week's Cell magazine.

Cancer, as a result of accumulation of somatic mutations in the life cycle of an organism, is generally not transmitted or transmitted to other individuals, and is limited by immunological recognition and rejection based on polymorphic surface proteins, particularly in major histocompatibility complexes. (MHC) vertebrates. However, some tumors are caused by infections (such as viruses). Although these sources of infection can be infectious, tumors are still formed by transformation of somatic cells in infected individuals. It is known that in two cases, tumor cells themselves can spread naturally as infectious cells: canine infectious sexually transmitted diseases (CTVT) are transmitted by sexual contact, Tasmanian pouch facial tumor disease (DFTD) between individuals By spreading. In both cases, the tumors showed that the genotypes did not match their host - the tumor cells found in all affected animals were unique genotypes reflecting their original subject.

Rickets, called disseminated or hemic neoplasia, were first reported in the soft clam in the 1970s. This is a leukemia-like disease in marine shellfish. The diseased cells suffer from explosive death from immune cells that rapidly proliferate in the systemic circulation. But the researchers say the disease poses no health risks to humans who have eaten it.

Researchers initially thought that this cancer disease should involve the virus. So they detected reverse transcriptase (associated with oncogenic viruses) in the dead samples, and as a result, a large number of reverse transcriptases were detected, but not from the virus, they were found from tumor cells. They then determined the retrotransposon, the high copy number of Steamer in the soft clam. By analyzing integration sites, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of mitochondrial DNA and polymorphic microsatellite alleles, the researchers showed that the genotype of tumor cells did not match the host animal. Importantly, tumor cells from different individuals collected at these scattered locations in New York, Maine, and Prince Edward Island have nearly identical genotypes. These results indicate that this cancer has a clonal infectious cell derived from a single original sputum that is spreading in the marine environment. The parallel transmission of tumor cells in nature may be more common than we think.

Source: Bio Valley

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