What are the benefits of formula fertilization?
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According to the statistics of many years of experiments, formula fertilization increased the yield of wheat by 43.3 kg compared with the conventional average fertilization, with an increase in yield of 14.4% and an increase in income of 27.0 yuan; an increase of 67.2 kg of corn per mu, an increase in yield of 18.4%, an increase of 28.0 yuan per mu, and an increase in yield of sweet potatoes 74.9 kg, an increase rate of 13.6%, an increase of 17.3 yuan per mu; acres of peanuts increase production of 16.3 kg, an increase of 9.3%, an increase of 22.8 yuan per mu. The average grain yield per acre is 50 kg, an increase of 27 yuan, an average increase of 10 kg of lint per acre, an increase of 32 yuan; an average increase of 16 kg per acre of peanuts, an increase of 22 yuan, an increase of 31.64 billion kg of grain in 20 years, an increase of 8.2 Billion kilograms, increased peanut production by 920 million kilograms, and cumulatively increased social benefits by 20.946 billion yuan.
Secondly, the application structure of chemical fertilizers was adjusted over the past 50 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Fertilizer use in our province has been roughly divided into three stages. In the 1950s, nitrogen fertilisers were used. The main fertilizers were nitrogen fertilizers, and the amount of phosphate fertilizers was small; From the 1970s to the N and P stage, with the exception of nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers were used more extensively; after the mid-1970s, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were used in combination with trace elements, and the amount of chemical fertilizers was further increased. Potassium fertilizers and trace elements were applied. Rapid expansion.
In 1992, the total amount of physical fertilizer in the province reached 10.886 million tons, a reduction of 2.819 million tons, an increase of 2.256 million tons and 1.01 million tons respectively compared with 1983. Calculated according to sowing acre, in 1992, the average sowing-mu fertilizer (pure nutrients, the same below) was 17.08 kilograms, of which nitrogen was 10.9 kilograms, phosphorus (phosphorus pentoxide) 6 kilograms, and potassium (potassium oxide) 1.51 kilograms, respectively, compared with 1983. Increase 5.59 kg, 2.71 kg, 1.62 kg, 2.64 kg. From the current needs of major crops for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, in addition to potash fertilizer in 1992, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers basically reached the range of reasonable fertilization. Experts suggested that the proportion of chemical fertilizers in China should be adjusted to 1:0.4-0.5:0.2-0.3 in recent years. Therefore, the application of nitrogen and phosphorus in our province has reached a suitable proportion, but there is still a large gap in the amount of potassium applied.
Third, improve soil nutrients The formula fertilization according to soil nutrient conditions, a reasonable mix of various crop nutrients. At the same time, with the increase of crop yields, the increase of crop roots, straw returning, and the promotion of biological cycling have resulted in effective fertilization of soil fertility and improved soil organic matter content and nutrient fertility levels. The relevant departments have summarized the changes of soil organic matter and nitrogen and phosphorus contents in 8 cities (counties). From 1979 to 1983, the soil organic matter in these areas averaged 0.91%, total nitrogen was 0.064%, alkaline dissolved nitrogen was 50.6ppm, and available phosphorus was 5.1ppm. From 1989 to 1992, the average soil organic matter was 1.04%, total nitrogen was 0.071%, alkaline nitrogen was 70.7ppm, and available phosphorus was 9.5ppm, which was 0.13%, 0.007 percentage points, 20.1ppm, and 4.4ppm higher than 10 years ago. The increases were 14.3% and 10.9%, 39.7% and 86.3%, respectively. However, from the overall situation, potassium showed a downward trend, which was mainly due to the lack of potassium fertilizer, which did not increase the corresponding potassium fertilizer as the crop yield increased.