Chinese name: Wheat leaf blight English name: Wheat leaf blotch Latin name: Septoria tritici Rob. Et Desm. Damage crops: Wheat damage symptoms: mainly damage the leaves and leaf sheaths, and sometimes also the ear and stem. Oval pale green lesions initially appeared on the slice, and later gradually expanded into irregularly shaped large yellow lesions. There are scattered black granules on the lesion, which is the conidia of the pathogen. - General disease from the lower leaves first, and gradually upward. In late autumn and early spring, when pathogens invade the root of the host, the lower leaves die, causing the plants to weaken and even die. Lesions on stems and ears are less visible and much smaller than those on leaf lesions. Conidia are also rare. The morphological characteristics of pathogens: conidia spherical to flat spherical, wall brown to black, micro-hole prominent. Occurs in the under-stomatal chamber under the epidermis of the host. Two kinds of size conidia are produced in the spore. Megaspores are more slender and colorless. There are 3-7 membranes, both ends of the circle; microspore no diaphragm, slightly curved, colorless. Characteristics of the disease: In the winter wheat region, the germs were over the summer on wheat residues or seeds, and autumn began to invade the seedlings, and the main body of the bacteria overwintered in the diseased plants. In the spring of next year, the pathogenic bacteria contaminated and spread; in the spring wheat region, the conidia and mycelia of the pathogens overwintered on the wheat residues, and contaminating spreads after spring wheat sowing. Under the condition of low temperature and high humidity, the development of the disease is favored. There is a great difference in the resistance to leaf blight between varieties. Control methods: 1. Agricultural control (1) Selection of disease resistant and resistant varieties. (2) Deep extermination of fleas, removal of sick bodies, elimination of self-producing wheat seedlings. (3) Farmyard fertilizers are applied after high temperature stacking. Severe disease fields can be considered for rotation. (4) Field spraying, in heavy fields, spraying with carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl or triadimefon. See methods for using wheat scab and wheat stripe rust. Common agents: carbendazim thiophanate-methyl triadimefon
Lower Limb Locking plate is a kind of implant fracture orthopedics with locking thread holes.
The lower limb locking plate allows the bone to bind to the plate more firmly, so that the reduced limb is more stable. Locking plates were first used in spine and maxillofacial surgery 20 years ago to stabilize fractures while reducing extensive dissection and damage to soft tissues. When the threaded hole in the locking plate is screwed in by a screw with a threaded head, the plate becomes an Angle fixing device. It can have both locking and non-locking holes for different screws to be screwed in. Any plate that can be screwed into an Angle fixed (stable) screw or bolt is essentially a locking plate.
Locking plate system does not rely on bone friction to achieve connection, but completely depends on the interlocking structure of the plate itself. A certain gap between the plate and the bone surface can be left, which can eliminate the adverse effect of heavy pressure contact between the plate and bone, and greatly improve the blood supply and the growth and recovery of the periosteum. The main biomechanical difference from conventional plates is that the latter relies on friction at the bone-plate interface to accomplish plate compression on bone. Stability is maintained by an angularly stable interface between the screw and the plate. Because the locking internal fixator has a stable integrity, the pull-out force of the locking screw is much higher than that of the ordinary screw. It is difficult for a single screw to be pulled out or broken unless all the surrounding screws are pulled out or broken.