The Characteristics of Non-nuclear Large Persimmon and Its Cultivation Techniques
October 20 10:02:33, 2024
The seedless Dahei persimmon is a local special breed in Shanxi Province. After years of observation, it has been found that the variety has excellent traits and is of great value for development. The main features and high-yielding cultivation techniques are outlined below for reference by growers. 1 Characteristics of Seedless Black Persimmon 1.1 Peel Black The variety is black and shiny, and is a typical black fruit. Like black plum, spades and black grapes, it is rich in nutrition and has unique physiological and pharmacological functions. Therefore, it is increasingly favored and valued by people. 1.2 Seedlessness This species has no male flowers but only female flowers. It can be parthenocarpic and thus non-nucleated. Very convenient for fresh food and processing, loved by consumers. 1.3 Big fruit, excellent quality. High economic benefit The variety has large fruits. In hilly dry land without irrigation conditions, the average weight of single fruit is 195g and the maximum is 220g. If there are irrigation conditions and fine management, the fruit is bigger. The variety has brownish red flesh, fine texture, many sap, thin and small fibers, sweet flavor, good taste, both fresh and processed. Due to the high quality of the variety and the scarcity of the market, the selling price is relatively high. Generally, the selling price is about 5 yuan per 1kg. The annual output value of a 3 year old tree is 667 m2 (acre) and the output value is 1,000 yuan, and that of a 5 to 7 year old tree is 3750-5000 yuan. Higher than the output value of other persimmon varieties. 1.4 Detachable, easy to store and transport the species off the astringent fast, can be astringent in the tree, can be eaten after harvest. However, the fruits harvested at this time are not easy to store; if they are ready for storage, they should be harvested as early as possible, and can be harvested when the surface of the fruit has turned black and then becomes soft. Stored in a cool, shady place, it can be stored for months. If you have refrigerated conditions, better preservation. Due to its thicker skin, the variety is also more resistant to transport. 1.5 The tree is short and suitable for close planting. The yield is high. According to the determination, a hundred-year-old tree is about 4.5 meters in height, about 4 meters in length, and more than 100 kg in strain. According to the performance of sapling trial planting in recent years, the species began to produce results after 3 to 4 years (years). 5a (years) can be productive. 1.6 Resistance to thin, easy to manage Dahei persimmon has the same characteristics as other persimmon varieties, such as lax soil requirements, less pests and diseases, and easy management. Especially suitable for the development of the new persimmon area. 2 Cultivation Techniques 2.1 The annual average temperature of suitable planting environment should be above 10°C, the minimum temperature should not be lower than -25°C, the frost-free period should be 170d (days) or more, and the annual precipitation in areas without irrigation should be more than 400mm. The soil requirements are neutral, slightly alkaline or slightly acidic. The salt content is less than 0.3%. The soil is deep, the soil is fertile, and the water retention is good. The following areas are suitable for the above conditions: Jixian, Pingding, Yuci, Jingxian, Taigu, Pingyao, Lingshi in Jinzhong, Wenshui, Xiaoyi, Jiaocheng, Fuyang in Luliang, and Lijiang in Changzhi. City, Luancheng, Changzhi, eldest son, Tunliu, etc.; Jincheng, Yuncheng and Linyi areas. 2.2 Planting this variety can be parthenocarpic, so no pollination tree is required. Planting density depends on soil conditions, moisture, and management techniques. For areas with fertile soil, high precipitation, and low management techniques, the planting density should be as small as 4m5 to 6m, and vice versa to 2.5 to 3.0 m4. .0 m is appropriate. After the thawing of the soil in the north of the planting time, it is good that the 3 to 4 months of the persimmon tree are about to sprout. Planting pits should be large, and 0.8-1.0m square should be appropriate. Immediately after planting irrigation, the ground cover film. 2.3 Orthopedic pruning trees generally adopt natural happy shape or trunk sparse shape, with a height of 0.8m. In the shaping stage, the summer shearing is the main method, and the winter shearing is the supplement. Under the premise of ensuring the tree shape is not disordered, the light shearing should be done as much as possible. In the full fruit period and late period, the relationship between regulation results and growth is mainly. 2.4 Soil Fertilizer Water Management Base fertilizer should be applied in combination with deep turning and soil reform in the autumn, mainly organic fertilizer; the fertilizer should be applied in small quantities several times, and the use of potash fertilizer should be emphasized. Persimmon is a deep-rooted fruit tree, relatively resistant to drought, but physiologically it is not resistant to drought, and it is sensitive to water shortages. Water-retaining measures should be taken on the ground where no water is poured. 2.5 The saplings are cold in winter and in Jinzhong, Luliang, and Changzhi. Due to the large winds and low temperatures in the spring, persimmon saplings often lead to dead trees or missing branches. In order to avoid this phenomenon, after saplings in mid-August, they must ban nitrogen fertilization and control irrigation, and spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves to enhance the degree of plumpness. In order to prevent the dust from being exposed to dust, the weeds on the ground should be removed, and between the rows, we must make autumn vegetables. Before the floating dusts lay eggs, we should spray “Kung Fu†medicines again. When there is more autumn rain, or pest control is not timely, it should be buried in cold or wrapped around the membrane protection.
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