Pig Breeding Technology--The Role of Trace Mineral Elements in Pig Nutrition
September 10 02:00:44, 2024
Mineral elements are nutrients that maintain the normal growth and metabolism of livestock and poultry. Inadequate supply in the feed can seriously affect the normal development of the body and even cause deficiencies. In domestic animals, pigs are most prone to malnutrition. First, the classification of mineral elements. Mineral elements account for about 4% of the total volume of animals in domestic animals. According to the proportion of mineral elements in the body, it can be divided into constant mineral elements and trace mineral elements. Among them, trace minerals account for 0.01% or less of body weight. Although the proportion of trace mineral elements in the body is small, it has a variety of important physiological and biochemical functions. If the effective content of trace elements in the diet can not meet the normal needs of pigs, the pig's appetite, feed utilization, bone The mineralization, production performance, etc. will be affected. Second, the role of trace mineral elements in pig nutrition. Iron: Iron plays an important role in many biochemical reactions. It is present in many enzymes that transport electrons and is essential for the activation and transport of oxygen. Iron is the hemoglobin of the body. The components of myoglobin and many oxidase enzymes are important for the cells in the pig, energy metabolism in the body, protein metabolism, and maintaining pig health to prevent anemia. The sensitivity of iron is that piglets in the lactation stage are susceptible to iron deficiency anemia. Therefore, a sufficient amount of iron must be added to the feed. Relevant data indicate that pigs of different cycles need different amounts of iron: 70.3mg for 1 week old piglets, 111.6mg for 2 week old piglets, 170.2mg for 3 week old piglets and 230.4mg for 4 week old piglets 5 weeks old piglets require 294.3 mg. Copper: Copper is required for cellular respiration, heart function, bone formation, connective tissue development, tissue keratinization, and pigment deposition. Copper plays a catalytic role in the synthesis of hemoglobin, which promotes the absorption and utilization of iron and blood. The formation of copper deficiency can also cause anemia and shorten the lifespan of red blood cells. Copper deficiency often leads to bone dysplasia and fractures. When the amount of copper in the diet is 6 mg/kg, the demand for suckling piglets can be met. When the amount of copper in the diet reaches 15 mg, the normal needs of growing pigs can be met. A large number of studies have shown that high doses of copper have the effect of stimulating pig growth and improving feed utilization. Feeding 250 mg/kg of copper can increase pigs' daily gain by 9.1% and feed utilization by 7.4%. However, long-term use of high-copper diets can cause copper poisoning in pigs and can damage pig liver and kidney function. Zinc: Zinc is a component of many enzyme systems and hormones. Zinc is also involved in the production of keratin proteins and the synthesis of nucleic acids and collagen in the skin. It is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. It maintains the integrity of the immune system, cation exchange and maintenance. The normal va concentration in plasma is crucial. Zinc deficiency in feed can lead to metabolic disorders, loss of appetite, and growth arrest. According to relevant data, the daily zinc requirement of weaned piglets is: 3kg-5kg 25mg; 2kg-10kg 50mg; growing pigs generally 40mg-170mg/kg; sows 80mg-100mg/kg. Manganese: Manganese is a component of some enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, which can promote the metabolism of ca, p, and bone. The lack of manganese can lead to the abnormal growth of pig bones, increased fat deposition, reproductive barriers and milk production. cut back. Some data indicate that adding organic manganese to feed can reduce the amount of fat deposited and increase the amount of lean meat in pig carcasses. The maximum limit of manganese in feed is generally not more than 400mg. Tin: Tin is an essential element for maintaining the normal function of cell membranes, promoting body growth, and increasing body immunity. It contributes to the absorption of ve in the body and has a synergistic effect with ve, so the lack of tin can cause the cells to be easily oxidized and increase the The amount of demand. Therefore, an appropriate amount of tin should usually be added to the pig's feed at each stage. Numerous tests have shown that tin containing 0.1 mg to 0.3 mg/kg of tin can meet the normal needs of pigs, increase weight gain and production performance, and increase feed utilization.