Non-pollution Control Technology of Tomato Pests in Greenhouse
September 05 10:03:13, 2024
In recent years, with the adjustment of industrial structure, the tomato cultivation area in greenhouses has been expanding. Due to reasons such as heavy cropping, continuous cropping, poor management of greenhouses, etc., it has provided a favorable ecological environment for the occurrence of pests and diseases, and the occurrence of pests and diseases has become increasingly serious. Such as underground pests, aphids, whitefly, cotton bollworm, tobacco budworm, disease, leaf mold, gray mold, virus disease, black mold, etc., not only affect the yield and quality of tomatoes, but also greatly affect people's Healthy body. In order to ensure the safety, high yield, and high quality of tomatoes, the pollution-free control technology for tomato pests and diseases in greenhouses is described below. I. Agricultural control 1. Select high-yielding varieties of resistant (resistant) disease. Anti-late blight tomatoes can be selected from early-maturing varieties such as Zaofeng, Zaokui, and Lichun, and can be cultivated in the late autumn to include Qifan No. 5, Holland No. 6, Zhongshou No. 4, Zhongza No. 4, and Qiangfeng. Good red, good powder 10 and so on. Antiviral winter and spring tomato selection Zhongza No. 4, Jiafen No. 1, Jiahong, Zaofeng, Lichun, Qingdao Zaohong, Su Kang No. 5, No. 8, No. 9, Xifen No. 3, Dongnong 702,704, Zheza No.4, Early Kui, Qiyan Dwarf Powder, etc. After the late autumn cultivation, strong feng, Chinese vegetable No.4, No.5, Shuangkang No.2, Sukang No.7 and Jiafen No.10 can be selected. Xiaofeng '3, Maofen 802, Maofen 808, Maofen 818 and so on. For anti-early blight, the choice of strong strong, strong rice longevity, full silk, Su Kang 5, Xifen 3, tin miscellaneous 84-4, Hong red 1, Yuesheng and so on. For leaf mold resistance, optional Shuanghan 2, Florore, Jiahong, etc. Anti-black mold, optional L-402, Lu tomato 7, Israel 144 and other varieties. These varieties have good yield and resistance to disease, and different varieties can be selected based on local adaptation. 2. Rotate crops to reduce pests and diseases. Rational rotation not only improves the physical and chemical properties of the soil and fertilizes fertility, but also worsens the environmental conditions for the occurrence of pests and diseases, eliminates the source of diseases and pests, and reduces the occurrence of pests and diseases. In rotation, tomatoes should avoid rotations with solanaceous vegetables, crop rotations with strawberries and cucurbitaceae, and rotation with rice. 3. Reasonable fertilization. Pay attention to the use of organic fertilizer, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, generally more than 5000kg of farmyard fertilizer per acre, about 25kg of diammonium phosphate, or about 7.5kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, to increase the resistance of the tomato itself. 4. Breeding disease-free strong seedlings. Vigorously promote the use of nutrients, nutrition blocks, plug seedlings. Nursery matrix preparation: clean garden soil about 50%, composting or farmyard fertilizer 45%, superphosphate 5%. For seedling nursery, use 50% carbendazim or 50% thiophanate 8-10g per square meter seedbed before nursery, mix with appropriate amount of fine soil, or disperse 6g per square meter seedbed with soil, add 10 - 15kg of fine soil and mix well. When planting, first spread 1/3 of the soil to the surface of the bed, and spread the remaining 2/3 after sowing. Finally, cover the soil and spray water to keep the seedbed moist. It can prevent and cure a variety of diseases. Before planting, the diseased plant was found to be removed immediately and the disease and insects were found to disappear in time. 5. The "three days" use high-temperature soil disinfection. 500-1000kg straw per acre, cut it into 3--5cm long, mixed with quick lime 50--100kg, sprinkled on the surface of the soil, and then deep-turned into the sorghum (30cm or more), irrigation to saturation, cover The mulch is sealed and the soil temperature can be raised to 50--60°C under strong light for 15-20 days, killing various pathogens and pests in the soil. 6. Gaochun deep trench cultivation, strengthen field management. Narrow rafts, deep ravines, and high ridges were cultivated to achieve a three-channel arrangement with good drainage, and no flooding should be avoided. In the early stage of growth, the field is mainly moist, and in the middle and late stages, it is dry and wet. The best full-film coverage, using drip irrigation technology, after planting seedlings, ridges and dark irrigation ditch covered with ultra-thin film, the use of hoses, infiltration pipe and other drip irrigation technology. With the growth of the plants, the vines are allowed to shoot lateral branches, and the lower middle leaves and diseased leaves of the plants are destroyed, and the dead branches, diseased leaves and root pods and culms are properly taken out of the shed to reduce the sources of diseases and insects. Second, seed disinfection and treatment before sowing 1. Warm water soaking: Disinfection, water temperature and soaking time must be strictly controlled, to achieve both to kill the bacteria, but also does not harm the purpose of the seed. Commonly used 50 - 55 °C warm water immersion for 15 minutes, when soaking, first soaked in cold water, and then soaked in warm water, stirring constantly, so that the seeds heat evenly, after soaking the seeds into cold water cooling. 2. Seed soaking with chemicals: Soak 40% formaldehyde 100-fold for 20 minutes, or soak for 10-20 minutes with 10% trisodium phosphate or 2% saline solution. After the pesticide is soaked, remove and rinse in clean water, then soak in germination. Soaking seed germination is to soak the disinfected seeds in clean water of about 20°C for 8-9 hours so that the seeds will absorb enough water, then remove the soaked seeds, wash them in the net, wrap them in damp cloth, and put them in the pots. In the temperature range of 25--28°C, germination for 2 - 3 days, wiping off the hair and mucus on the seed coat to prevent mildew. 3. Seed Dressing: Dressing with 70% Dixon Powder, or 50% Dichloronaphthoquinone Soluble Powder or 50% Carbendazim, Formamide, or 25% Trichoderma, or 75% Chlorothilate Wetability Powder dressing, dosage is 0.2% - 0.3% of the seed amount. Third, biological control 1. Insect pests. There are many kinds of natural enemies in nature, such as ladybugs, grasshoppers, hoverfly flies, parasitoids, and parasitic flies. They can prey and parasitize adult worms, eggs, and larvae of grasshoppers, whiteflies, earthworms, cotton bollworms, and larvae ( Nymphs) and cockroaches. 2. Treat insects with bacteria. Such as beauveria bassiana, bacillus, acaricidal bacteria, Bt emulsion, 100--200ppm agricultural streptomycin, 300ppm neomycin, 5% Jinggangmycin, chloramphenicol, etc., can control a variety of pests on tomato . In addition, sex pheromones of small ground tiger and cotton bollworm females can be used to seduce male adults of these two pests, resulting in male infertility and reduction in population density. 3. Use yellow sticky plates, yellow sticky sticks, and silver-gray films to trap and kill adult insects of the aphid and whitefly. Insect nets can also be used to control a variety of pests. Fourth, chemical control 1. Control pests. Sprayed at the youngest stage of pests, the use of the drug is 2.5% of the enemy killed EC, 20% speed kill Ding emulsion, 20% swept Lee EC are 2000 times, 40% omethoate EC, 40% chrysanthemum Emulsifiable concentrates and 40% chrysanthemum EC are 2000--3000 times, 20% diazinon and 25% quizol are all 1000--1500 times. In addition, if the aphids and whitefly occur relatively heavy, 22% dichlorvos smoke agent 0.5kg/mu can be used to seal fumes in the evening, killing the adult insects. Or put sawdust in the pot, sprinkle 80% of dichlorvos EC 0.3--0.4kg/mu, put a few red-hot briquettes. 2. Prevent disease. In the early stage of the disease, spraying medicine, the use of drugs are 65% of the moldine spirit 600 times, 50% more than 700 times the mold spirit, 64% anti-virus 500 times, 58% 600 times the toxic MnZn, 50% Nongli Ling 1000 times , 50% 500% of enemy mycelium, 1:1:200 Bordeaux mixture. After spraying, pay attention to dampness and proper control of watering. Or per-mu with 10% fast-king, 45% chlorothalonil 250--300g, 8-10 points in the shed, closed with a dark fire after the shed, smoked 3- 4 hours. Or spray anti-disease film, after planting slow seedlings, the whole plant spray plant anti-film agent - non-toxic high-fat film or 2B plant anti-film agent 50 times. China Agricultural Network Editor
only divided by color, the quality , the size , the taste are as well as the light halves
different types of the walnut has the different color of the skin of the Walnuts kernels , the little darker color of the light amber color halves is only caused by the different type of the walnuts naturally.