How to make more light in greenhouses

September 20 06:00:51, 2024

Improve the structure of the greenhouse. 1, building materials. The best conditions to use the galvanized steel canopy, Shouguang string-style greenhouses, shed 8 with galvanized iron wire tension, not only saving building materials, but also reduce the shading, it is worth promoting. 2, greenhouse orientation and shed face angle. It should be adjusted according to the greenhouse use time, production purpose and crop light conditions. In plastic greenhouses mainly cultivated in the spring and autumn, the shed angles can be smaller (15 or so), and the sheds are laid flat so that the transmitted light is evenly distributed and evenly distributed. In winter, the shed angle is larger (around 25). The shed was arched to facilitate lighting. 3. Shed width and back slope width. With a reasonable planting. When sowing seeds, the seeds are moved in the same direction. When transplanting, the cotyledons are arranged in parallel, and the specifications are strictly regulated so that the plants grow neatly and the shading between the plants is reduced as much as possible. The east and the west were planted in the east and the west, and the north and the south were used in the winter and spring to make the plants evenly distributed. In addition, the strengthening of cultivation and management is also conducive to improving the light conditions in the shed; according to reports, the use of the cucumber row in the front row to the south, the middle row upright, the rear row to the north, can increase the light utilization rate of about 10%. Keep the film clean. According to observations, a layer of water droplets adhered to the shed film can reduce the light transmittance by 20% to 30%. After the new film is used for 2 days, 10 days and 15 days, the light in the shed can be weakened by 14% in turn as a result of the contaminated dust. %, 28%. Therefore, the water droplets and dust on the shed film should be cleaned and cleaned frequently; the snow should be removed promptly after snow, in order to increase the transparency and the amount of light. In addition, outside the greenhouse covered with grass and other warm materials, under the premise of not significantly affecting the temperature of the shed, the appropriate early release of the late cover, to ensure the lighting area, extend the lighting time; greenhouse after the release of humidity for half an hour after sunrise , Can reduce the surface of the water droplets, which can also increase the light transmittance. Artificial light. In the winter season or in a plastic greenhouse with insufficient sunlight, artificial light supplement is particularly important, but due to the high cost, there is still difficulty in large-scale promotion, and it can be used as an emergency measure to improve lighting conditions in the shed. Specific requirements and practices are: 1, fill light intensity. Artificial fill light, requires light intensity to be large, l ~ 3 thousand lux is appropriate; 2, light source. Studies have shown that crops have the strongest absorption of red light and blue-violet light, so it is better to use fluorescent lights, high pressure mercury lamps, and arc xenon lamps. Light source intensity: 40 watts of three fluorescent lamps together, from the seedlings 45 cm high irradiation, light intensity of 3,000 to 3.5 kilograms, 100 watts of high-pressure mercury lamp 80 cm from the seedlings, the light intensity of 0.8 to 1 Thousand lux; 3, fill light time. Winter fill light should be carried out after sunrise, usually 2 hours to 3 hours a day, the light intensity increases after the shed to stop; rainy weather can fill light all day. Promote the use of aluminum film reflectors. The use of polyester aluminized film spliced ​​into 2 meters wide, 3 meters long reflective screen, hanging in the plastic post after the upper end of the column, hanging down to the ground. In this way, the ground can be increased by 40% to 43%, the greenhouse temperature can be increased by 3°C to 4°C, the ground temperature can be increased by 1.8°C to 2.9°C, the cucumber production can be increased by 20% to 25%, the tomato yield can be increased by 41.8% to 58.1%, and the quality can be improved. improve. In addition, the laying of silver gray film or aluminum foil on the ground can also increase the light intensity between the plants, so that the vegetables and vegetables can be well colored and prevent the premature decay of the lower leaves.

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Lamp panel
The lamp panel is divided into ordinary infrared lamps (Dingyuan and Guanglei) and array lamps. The array camera is also divided into 1W, 2W and 3W. Therefore, when choosing infrared lamps, if it is an ordinary infrared lamp, try to choose Dingyuan and 3W array lamps. Since the appearance of infrared lamps is generally invisible, some cottage cameras are filled with Guanglei and 1W array cameras are filled with 3W array cameras. Therefore, try to choose a large brand when choosing cameras.
Maximum Aperture
The real value of the maximum aperture is to improve the light intake under low light conditions, so as to achieve the best exposure combination. In general, the ability to visualize the lens is not required for shooting landscapes. In addition, the lens caliber is not required for shooting landscapes except in particularly dark places. However, when the 70-200mm zoom lens is equipped with a 2-fold zoom lens to make the telephoto section become 400mm and AF is used for automatic focusing, it is better to choose a lens with the largest aperture of F2.8. Large aperture is conducive to accurate focusing in dark conditions. When shooting people with a large aperture lens, even in places where the light is weak, the handset can also use natural light to shoot. In addition, the lens with the largest aperture can bring fast shutter speed, so sports photography also needs a large aperture lens.
Another reason for requiring the lens aperture to be large is to be able to visualize the background freely and ensure the quality of visualization. When the aperture of the lens with the maximum aperture of F1.4 is reduced to F2, both the imaging quality and the blurring quality of the background are better than those of the lens with the maximum aperture of F2. Therefore, it is of great value to reduce the aperture of a large aperture lens by one stop. Any photographer should be good at using the lens.
focal length
The first thing to pay attention to when selecting a lens is the focal length of the lens. In fact, focal length is a matter of perspective. Different focal lengths and perspectives are different. In addition, users should be clear about what is the main purpose of buying lenses? Is it for scenery or people. As we all know, it is better to use a wide-angle lens when shooting landscapes, and a telescopic lens when shooting people. Therefore, you should first decide the focal length of the lens you want to buy according to the purpose of photography.
The best focal sections for shooting scenery are 24 mm wide angle focal section and 200 mm telescopic focal section (both are based on 35 mm specifications, the same below). When the wide-angle focus segment of the standard zoom lens evolves from 28mm to 24mm, the viewing angle becomes larger, and the range of scenery that can be stored is greatly expanded. Generally speaking, the maximum aperture of the lens is not required for shooting landscapes. If you are mainly shooting landscapes, a wide angle focal length of 24mm is basically enough when you select a zoom lens. As for the telephoto section, it must be at least 200mm. If the telephoto section is 300mm or 400mm, it is more ideal, and the degree of freedom will be greatly improved. The telephoto focus segment of traditional zoom lens is 300 mm, which is 450 mm for digital SLR. The focal length has been expanded by 1.5 times, which makes it more enjoyable to use. This is the value of digital SLR. The wide-angle focal section of the digital special ultra wide-angle lens produced is generally 12mm, equivalent to 18mm of 35mm, which is nearly 1.5 times larger than the 28mm focal section of 35mm, thus greatly widening the left and right range of the scenic scene.
The best focal length for shooting people is 85mm. In terms of 35mm standard, 85mm focal length is basically used as the standard for shooting characters. The portrait taken by the 85mm focal section is basically close to the picture effect taken by the medium frame camera. It is not only suitable for the distance, but also the face of the person looks very natural. The distance between the camera and the person being photographed can basically be kept at the normal speaking distance. The 85mm focal length can also effectively blur the background and prominent characters. In order to obtain good visualization effect, the lens with the largest aperture should be selected. The 85mm focal length is about 135mm on the digital SLR. Although the sense of distance of the shot is a little weak, it is basically OK, so the focal length of the person lens should be at least about 85mm.
A 100mm macro lens is enough for traditional SLR to shoot flowers. The 100mm macro lens can be used for equal magnification photography, which can make the flowers very large. However, when taking equal magnification photography or near equal magnification photography, due to the depth of the long focus scene, it is easy to shake, so anti shake measures should be considered when taking photos. From this point of view, 50mm macro lens is easier to use on digital SLR.

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