Animal biological products and feed biological additives
October 22 21:59:50, 2024
The new biological animal products are mainly obtained through genetic engineering technology and are intended to improve the animal production efficiency by improving the animal's potential growth and reproduction, that is, to non-genetically improve the production characteristics of meat, eggs, and milk. Animal biological products include two major categories of protein products and nucleic acid products. According to the role of protein can be divided into two categories, one is hormones, such as gonadotropin, growth hormone, etc.; two are antibodies, such as myostatin antibody, growth hormone release inhibitor antibody and so on. Nucleic acid biological products have made great progress in recent years and have become a new direction of development. Based on the concept and principles of human gene therapy, nucleic acid (DNA) hormones have been developed to produce highly efficient somatic cell expression vectors for the regulation of animal health, growth, and reproduction. The goal of improving product quality. Feed biological additives refer to the addition of a small amount of biologically active substances that increase the feed utilization rate in common animal feed. These substances are also mainly produced through genetic engineering fermentation technology. Feed bio-additives are divided into three categories. One is enzyme preparations that directly promote decomposition of feed ingredients and facilitate digestion and absorption, such as phytase, amylases, proteases, xylanases, glucanases, cellulases, and fats. Enzymes, pectinase, etc.; The second category is the essential nutrients for animal organisms, such as lysine, methionine, tryptophan, vitamins, etc.; the last category is to improve animal immune function or maintain the health of the digestive system, such as antibacterial Peptides, microbial compound preparations, etc. No pollution, no residue, no side effects, no disease, no resistance, and growth-enhancing environmental-friendly green feed biological additives are the key development areas of the feed industry and have broad industrialization prospects. (I) Development Review The research on China's new type of animal biological products started earlier and has also yielded more results of potential commercial production. As early as the national “7th Five-Year Plan†and “Eighth Five-Year Plan†period, China’s “863†plan and national research plan supported the research and development projects for growth hormone genes of pigs and cattle. In 1991, China Agricultural University received effective expression. The engineered strains of porcine somatotropin, particularly porcine somatotropin, express more than 50% of the total bacterial protein, and the porcine somatotropin content per liter of fermentation broth exceeds gram. At the same time, Nanjing Agricultural University has also made breakthroughs in the study of porcine growth hormone releasing factor (HGH) vaccination, which uses hormone immunomodulatory mechanisms to vaccinate animals and produce somatostatin (SS) antibodies to neutralize animal growth inhibition. It increases the overall level of endogenous, growth-promoting hormones and thus promotes animal growth. The synthesized SS gene was linked to the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) gene to construct a HBs/SS fusion gene. Then it was cloned into the vaccinia virus expression vector (pGJP-5) and homologously recombined with vaccinia virus to screen for recombinant vaccinia virus (vv-HBs/SS) expressing the HBsAg/SS fusion protein. This genetically engineered body was propagated on the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane and a live somatostatin vector vaccine was prepared. The somatostatin gene engineering live vector vaccine (commercial name: “Xuesheng No. 1â€) belongs to the national 863 high-tech achievements and is at the international advanced level. It was approved by the Ministry of Agriculture in December 1999 and it was agreed to be commercialized in Sichuan and Su provinces. Production (Agricultural Security Review 99B-03-09). China Agricultural University has also made breakthroughs in promoting the research of milk cows' nucleic acid biological products. Under the condition of not increasing any feed and management costs, the product can promote dairy cows to produce 2-5kg/day of milk per day, and a year (305 days) can produce 500-1000kg of milk. , equivalent to more than 800-1500 yuan per cow. In China, 5 million cows, including some crossbred cattle, have an average milk production capacity of only 2,500 kg/year, which is obviously a huge potential for industrialization. During the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" and "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, China's "863" plan also supported the research and development of feed biological additives, especially the research and development of enzyme preparations such as phytase, amylase and xylanase. The most prominent is the development of phytase, which has reached the stage of industrial production. Phytase is one of the most important enzyme species in the feed industry. The amount of enzyme preparation used as feed is also the largest. It can not only improve the feed utilization rate of pigs, chickens and other single stomach livestock, but also can solve the organic waste containing phosphorus ( Faeces) Pollution of the environment. The Feed Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences has reached international advanced level in the fermentation production of phytase. (II) Main Progresses Significant progress has been made in the development of xylanase, amylase, and high specific phytase activity in China. The three enzyme preparations maintained a high activity in the pH range of 2-7. With a suitable reaction temperature of 50-55°C, the remaining activities of the three enzymes can reach 89%, 74%, and 85% even after 30 minutes at 80°C. The three enzyme preparations also showed excellent protease activity, and the biological activity was not affected by 0.1 mg/ml pepsin or trypsin for 1 hour. Among them, the specific activity of phytase can reach 3.6 million U/mg, which is 36 times that of the phytase produced by genetic engineering Aspergillus abroad, and the production expression amount reaches 2.2 g/L fermentation broth; the specific activity of xylanase is achieved At 2869 U/ml, the production expression reached 2.3 g/L, while the good specific activity in foreign countries was only 1250-2100 U/ml; the expression level of amylase production also reached 3 g/L, which is an international advanced level. In 2001, China applied for more than 12 patents for inventions in feed enzyme preparations, and more than 12 new genes were isolated and cloned. China's Hong Kong Pioneer Gene Co., Ltd. invented a porcine growth hormone releasing factor plasmid product (trade name: Pork Kang Ling). Through intramuscular injection to improve the growth rate of pigs, lean meat and feed utilization, and achieved good results. When the finishing pigs were injected with 6-9mg/head porcine somatotropin-releasing factor plasmid DNA, the weight gain of the finishing pigs increased by 5-15%, the average slaughter was 7-8 days ahead of schedule, and the consumption of materials was reduced by 6%. The Ministry approved the permission to conduct environmental release tests. China Agricultural University researched and developed the cow's and sheep's growth hormone releasing factor DNA products, which not only has a good effect of promoting growth and improving the carcass quality of beef cattle and sheep, but also has good milk production and milk quality for dairy cows. The improvement effect, especially for improving the milk production of dairy cows, has a significant boosting effect. For a single intramuscular injection of bovine somatotropin releasing factor DNA 8-10 mg/head dissolved in adjuvanted cows, cows can increase milk production by 10-15% throughout the lactation period. Nanjing Agricultural University completed the clinical trials of a self-developed veterinary somatostatin gene engineering live vector vaccine and has applied for a new veterinary drug certificate to the Ministry of Agriculture.
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