Soil testing and formula fertilization technology is a new technology promoted in agricultural production today. For different types of crops and different growth periods, formulating fertilization according to soil nutrient content can greatly increase the yield of crops and save production costs. The fertilization methods for different types of vegetables are briefly described below.

Vegetables are generally short-term nutrient crops that can be planted in multiple crops. Due to the short growing season, the nutrients absorbed per unit time are much higher than those with longer growing seasons and higher yields of vegetables. Therefore, more fertilizer should be applied during cultivation. Roots that are deeply rooted, rooted, rooted, and rooted can absorb more nutrients. Fertilization can be more extensive; root development is poor, distribution is shallow, and nutrients are poor. Fine fertilization is required.

The roots of vegetables during the seedling stage are still underdeveloped, and the amount of nutrients absorbed is not too large. However, the requirement for fertilizers is very high and some thin and quick-acting fertilizers should be applied appropriately. In the period of vegetative growth and outcome of vegetables, it is necessary to absorb large amounts of nutrients, and must provide sufficient fertilizer, usually adopting stage-by-stage top dressing, alternation of organic and inorganic fertilizers, NPK fertilizer and micro-fertilizer balance, and combination of fertilization and irrigation, etc. Play the role of fertilizer production.

Different vegetables require different fertilization techniques and methods:

1. Leaf vegetables: Leaf vegetables include cabbage, green vegetables, spinach and leeks. Nitrogen fertilizers are the main nitrogen fertilizers for leafy vegetables, but phosphorus and potash fertilizers are also required for the growth of nitrogen fertilizers. Such as the cultivation of Chinese cabbage, two fertilization begins to enter the rosette period and before the package is the key to high yield. If the supply of nitrogen fertilizer is insufficient during the whole growth period, the plants are short and the tissues are rough, and the leafy vegetables cultivated in spring are easy to twitch early. If the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are insufficient in the later period of leafy leafy vegetables, they are often not easy to be roasted.

2. Fruit and vegetables: Fruits and vegetables include melons, solanes and beans, and edible parts are reproductive organs. Generally, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer required by seedlings is more, but excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer can easily lead to leggy, but instead prolong the flowering result, resulting in falling flowers and falling fruit. In the period of reproductive growth, the amount of phosphate fertilizer needs to increase dramatically, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer needs to be slightly reduced. Therefore, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be increased, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled. After the cucumber is sitting on the melon, it should be re-fertilized, and each batch of melon should be supplemented once.

3, root vegetables: root vegetables are mainly carrots, carrots, etc., edible parts are fleshy roots. In the early growth stage of root vegetables, more nitrogen fertilizer is needed to promote the formation of hypertrophic green leaves. In the middle and late growth stages (grain root growth stage), more potassium fertilizer should be applied, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be properly controlled to promote the transport of assimilation substances from the leaves to the roots so as to form a strong fleshy root. If the nitrogen fertilizer is too much and the potassium fertilizer is insufficient at the later stage of the growth of the root vegetables, the above-ground part will be prolonged, the rhizome will be small, the yield will be reduced, and the quality will be deteriorated.

Facilities for growing vegetables should be applied more organic fertilizer. Because greenhouses and other protected vegetables, compared with the amount of fertilizer on the exposed area per unit area is much larger, and due to no rain leaching, resulting in most of the remaining fertilizer remains in the soil, so that the concentration of soil nutrient solution is too high, preventing the root from absorbing nutrients, so In the cultivation of vegetables in protected areas, full consideration should be given to the aftereffect of fertilizers for the preceding crops, organic fertilizers should be applied more, and chemical fertilizers should be appropriately used to avoid the damage caused by salt accumulation to the rear-row vegetables.

Thirdly, some buds cannot stand still after budding, resulting in the phenomenon of “public cotton”. The so-called “public cotton” refers to the branch-shaped unproductive branches produced when the cotton enters budding stage. All of them are leaf branches. , The performance of dark green leaves, leaf hypertrophy, red shoots on the branches, and some although the formation of fruit branches, but after the emergence of buds off, can not flower bell, form crazy growth. The cause of the “public cotton” phenomenon is caused by external conditions, such as excessive nitrogen fertilizer, high density, malnutrition of water and fertilizer, late planting, too small temperature difference between day and night, and damage caused by blind stink bugs.

The main management measures of bud period

The main direction of cotton budding management is to grow steadily. Therefore, the management of cotton fields with weak growth is mainly based on the promotion of high-yield and high-yield shelves, while the management of high-yield cotton fields with good conditions for water and fertilizer is to prevent growth and achieve stable growth. The main measures of management are:

Stable fertilizer

Although the amount of fertilizer required during the bud period is significantly higher than that at the seedling stage, since the cotton is sensitive to fertilizer and water at this time, the budding period fertilizer must satisfy the needs of hair buds and buds, and it must be prevented from causing excessive growth. To stabilize the application, the so-called stable application, first, to be supplemented by organic fertilizer-based fertilizers, in the organic fertilizer mixed with NPK fertilizer or compound fertilizer applied. The second is to adapt measures to local conditions and have a high level of soil fertility. Base fertilizer and seedling fertilizer should be given less or no nitrogen fertilizer. However, nitrogen fertilizers should be applied less or less to fertility in the base fertilizers. , build a good production shelf. And pay attention to fat fertilizer to late planting, less facilities, can be postponed to the late stage of the chase; weak ground to early application, and more facilities, can be early in the bud to chase early. Fertilizing amount at the bud stage: The north generally applies 3-5 kg ​​of urea per acre, and the combined use of phosphorus and potassium, which is insufficient for phosphorus and potassium, is applied together.

During budding period, pay attention to deeper application. For cotton fields with irregular growth, apply to small and weak trees.

Clever pouring water

After the budding period of cotton, the temperature rises, the growth speeds up, and the consumption of water increases. The northern cotton region is in a dry season. Pouring good buds according to local conditions is an important measure to capture cotton production. The general bud period is full of lyrics and should not be watered to prevent leggy. However, when the drought is severe, when field water capacity falls below 55%, the growth of cotton plants slows, the dark green color of the leaves darkens, and the ability of the roof to rotate with the sun decreases. The ratio of red stems exceeds two-thirds and the second slice. When the parietal leaves linger at noon and they are still unable to recover by 3-4 pm, water immediately. During the bud period, except for saline and alkaline land, it is forbidden to flood the area with flood irrigation.

Uncovering film and cultivating earth. The mulch cotton and cotton have gradually disappeared from the warming effect of the mulching film in the bud stage. The timely removal of the film will benefit the root system and prevent premature senescence. The uncovering time should be carried out after the cotton enters the bud, which will affect the growth and development of the ground prematurely, and affect the underground too soon. Root growth. Bud stage is an important period for the development of cotton roots. Deep cultivating can promote root barrowing, enhance the absorptive capacity of cotton plants, and have the ability to resist drought and lodging. This has the effect of restraining the leggy cotton field, and ensuring that cotton grows steadily. The cultivator can reach a depth of more than 10 cm during the budding period. However, by the late budding stage, due to the gradual decline of the root system and the weakening of the ability to divide, it is not appropriate to deep cultivator in order to prevent root damage. In the bud stage, the soil is combined with the cultivator to cultivate the soil. The cultivation of soil not only facilitates drainage and irrigation, prevents lodging, and suppresses the growth of weeds, but also reduces the humidity in the field and reduces the number of rotten bells. Earthing should be carried out in several stages so as not to damage the roots too much.

Go to early buds. Early budding cotton fields (before June 5th) should be taken for early buds, all buds that were present before June 5 should be removed, or all visible fruit branches before June 5 should be removed.

Pruning. Bud pruning is mainly to the leaves, cotton pruning methods have conventional pruning, simplify pruning and pruning points, leave the leaves to stay, should be applied according to local conditions, in order to give full play to its cost reduction and efficiency.

Chemical control. The budding period should be controlled during the bud period, that is, when the cotton plant grows until it can see the fourth fruit branch. At this time, the chemical control can make the upper and lower sections shorter and thicker, and it is beneficial to promote control and prevent prosperous growth. , more buds, anti-shedding. In general, 0.3-0.8 g is used for the reduction of mu. The specific control is: normal growth of cotton, lighter control of the main type of plant to be adjusted, and long-term growth of cotton. Drought and light rain should be lightly controlled; rainy days should be heavy.

Bud disease control. The disease in the bud stage is mainly yellow-wilting disease, and the principles of agricultural measures and prevention, supplemented by chemical agents should be adhered to. Insect pests mainly include blind stink bugs, cotton bollworms, cotton aphids, and red spiders. They should be checked in time to ensure good monitoring and timely prevention and treatment.

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