Due to the large economic benefits that can be obtained in the season of planting vegetables, with the adjustment of the industrial structure in rural areas, the growing area of ​​vegetables is increasing day by day. Planting of large-area contiguous vegetable plots for locusts, (B) Bemisia tabaci, America (South America), Liriomyza sativa, Plutella xylostella, Plutella xylostella, virus disease, epidemic disease, powdery mildew, gray mold, etc. The conditions for the occurrence and spread of vegetable pests and diseases have been provided. The prevention and control of pests and diseases is still mainly based on the use of chemical pesticides. It is difficult to control the hazards due to medication errors, and causes environmental pollution, excessive pesticide residues in vegetables, and resistance to diseases and insect pests. There are many drawbacks such as the increase in the cost of pesticide inputs. In the face of the new situation after China's accession to the WTO, improvements should be made to the problems existing in the prevention and control of pests and diseases of pesticides in the current, and in the contiguous vegetable plots, efforts should be made to use the five chemical pesticides. First, uniform application time. In order to prevent the spread of diseases and insect pests, or to carry out harmful effects, pesticide control measures can be uniformly adopted within the prescribed time. 1. Apply at the best time for prevention and treatment. In order to obtain a satisfactory control effect, generally speaking, when the disease occurs at an early stage, or before the third instar, the pest larvae are the best period for chemical control; if this period is missed, when pests and diseases are spread over a large area, pesticides are used for prevention and control. , it will lead to an increase in the number of medications or an increase in the amount of medication per unit area. 2, scientifically determine the scope of application. It is necessary to determine the scope of pesticide application based on the occurrence of pests and diseases and the types of vegetables. During the application process, do not leave corners for prevention and treatment. It will be difficult for pests and diseases to reach the number of populations that can cause harm within a certain period of time, reducing the number of medications. 3. Harvest vegetables in strict accordance with safety intervals. After a certain chemical pesticide is applied at a uniform time, vegetables are prohibited from being harvested within the safety interval of the pesticide, which helps to reduce the pesticide residue in the vegetable commodity. Second, a unified application of varieties. In order to avoid farmers from choosing the blindness of pesticides, it is necessary to use pesticides in a unified manner. 1. Select the pesticide with the name of the active ingredient. In December 1984, the National Bureau of Standards issued a common name for 294 active ingredients of pesticides, which means that each pesticide active ingredient can only have one common name, but its product name is more, such as avermectin pesticides. , there are more than 30 product names, easy to cause a variety of pesticides have a name, or a variety of different active ingredients of pesticides have the same trade name of the phenomenon, easy to cause confusion in use, so according to the name of the active ingredient of pesticides (common name ) To select pesticides. 2, scientific rotation medication. Rotational drug use is one of the main measures for the prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases. Therefore, scientific selection can be based on ecological conditions, pest occurrence, natural enemies, their distribution and cross-resistance and other factors in the continuous vegetable plots (which can cross administrative divisions). Pesticides are used in a uniform rotation to delay the development of insecticide resistance and maximize the protection of natural enemy populations. 3, to implement the relevant provisions of the state. For pesticides that are banned from use on vegetables by the State (including their compounding agents), they must be resolutely deactivated and avoid the use of pseudo-, inferior-, false-, and misuse pesticides. Efficient, low-toxic, low-residue pesticides should be selected to make vegetables. The pesticide residues in China meet the national standards and also help to purify the pesticide market. Third, a unified application of technology. According to the actual situation of the continuous vegetable plot, choose the appropriate application technology, promotion and application. 1, the correct choice of pesticide application technology. The more common spraying methods include spray method, dusting method, irrigate method, soil treatment method, etc., while the same pesticide can also have a variety of dosage forms, such as oil, emulsifiable concentrate, wettable powder, and glue suspension. All kinds of pesticide application methods and dosage forms have a certain range of application. It is necessary to correctly select application methods and pesticide formulations according to the types of vegetables, control objects, and environmental conditions, so as to obtain better control effects. 2, accurately weigh pesticides. It is necessary to standardize the use of pesticides on the premise of ensuring the prevention and control effects. The amount of pesticides per unit area and the amount of water should be used as a standard, and pesticides should be weighed more accurately so as to avoid arbitrarily increasing or decreasing the amount of pesticides. 3. Do the aftermath work after using chemical pesticides. After the pesticide application is completed, properly handle the pesticide package, residual drug solution, and cleaning solution for pesticides, etc., and do a good job of the pesticide application of the pesticide application field. If necessary, warning signs must be placed in the fields to prevent accidents. The incident occurred. Fourth, a unified investigation of the effect of prevention and control. Researchers should regularly investigate diseases and pest occurrences and control effects according to a uniform method to obtain more accurate data in order to provide scientific evidence for the control of pesticides. 1. Scientifically develop investigation methods. To assess the effectiveness of a pesticide, it is necessary to use survey data to determine it and, if necessary, to perform statistical analysis; different survey methods will yield different survey results and adopt a unified survey method to help objectively evaluate each pesticide. Or control effect after each medication. 2. Strengthen the publicity and interpretation of contract farmers. Since the peasant households have different technologies and cultural qualities, the benevolent sees the benevolent and the wise see the wisdom. Different judgments on the objective things will lead to different actions. Therefore, it is necessary to timely inform the farmers of the contracted fields about the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, the types of drugs used, and the effects of prevention and control, so as to obtain the understanding and support of the farmers. Fifth, uniform application personnel. Since the technical quality and sense of responsibility of different farmers are different, the control effect of pesticide application is greatly affected. Therefore, the pest control work of each farmer's vegetable field can be contracted by a specialist or a professional company. 1. Establish a network system for pest control and prevention. A professional plant protection company can be composed of agricultural technical stations and agricultural capital companies within the connected vegetable plots. Each village can choose to be responsible for the application of pesticides with certain scientific and technological knowledge, good health, and qualified technical training. The relatively complete (vegetable) pest and disease prevention and control network system provides one-stop technical services for pest and disease investigation, supply of pesticides, and control of pesticide application, which can avoid the phenomena of households buying medicines and households, reducing the chances of contact between farmers and pesticides, and avoiding The occurrence of pesticide poisoning contributes to social stability. 2. It is necessary to reduce the pesticide input costs of farmers. After uniform application of pesticides, farmers may be charged a certain amount of prevention and treatment expenses according to the amount of medication used, the area to be controlled, etc., but they must be lower than the farmers' expenses for their own medications, so that they can gradually recognize and accept the application of pesticides. 3, to do prevention records. A special person shall be responsible for recording the original investigation data such as the occurrence of vegetable pests and diseases, the types of used pesticides, the control effects, and the cost of medical equipment, and establish archives for preservation, so as to provide basis for future pest and disease prevention and control decisions and help to improve the control of vegetable pests and diseases. Level.
