Selection of pest control equipment for fruit trees
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November 18 22:01:44, 2018
(I) The requirements for chemical control of pesticides on weeds, trees, and weeds on the application of pesticides There are many kinds of fruit trees in China, and they are distributed in a vast area. The damage of pests and weeds is very serious. The spraying of pesticides is very heavy every year in the control season, and it is urgently required that mechanized means be used to prevent and cure them in due course. The orchards have hilly mountains, plains, and deserted beaches. Planting and growth of fruit trees, such as spacing, height, canopy size, leaf density, and ground clearance. Some fields have interplanted other crops, and some have reserved passages for machine tools, some have pool sites in the fields, and some have a power supply network. The agents used are liquids, emulsions, wettable powders, granules and the like. Orchard business management has different sizes and systems. The above conditions require that the small equipment that is manually moved should be light and easy to transport; and the mobile medical equipment must be able to operate in the field. The spray components are required to have a high range (up to 4 to 6 meters for large fruit trees) and large spray widths (5 to 6 meters for large canopies). The penetrating power of the droplets on tree shrews is strong, and it is attached to the branches and leaves and falls on the ground. Less loss, good wear resistance. The liquid does not contaminate the operator or stain less. On the premise of ensuring and improving the control effect, the amount of single plant used and the amount of liquid used are small. To achieve the purpose of provincial medicine, water, labor, control effect, less environmental pollution, high production efficiency, use of safety. When herbicides are sprayed, the liquid is required to be evenly distributed to prevent the liquid droplets from leaking and the droplets from drifting. (II) Adaptability of the main medical device varieties to the control of diseases, pests and weeds in fruit trees Human medicine and medicine The human application machinery that our country promotes and promotes mainly includes single-tube sprayer, compression sprayer, knapsack sprayer, foot sprayer, and hand powder duster. Dusters are rarely used in orchards. Compression sprayers and knapsack sprayers have low working pressure (0.3-0.4 MPa) and short range, and are mainly used for dwarf crops. They can only be used for seedlings, low-fruit trees or sporadic spraying in orchards. Single-tube nebulizer pressure is higher than the previous two nebulizers (0.7 megapascals), jetting capacity is enhanced, and small spray guns can be used to spray fruit trees. In the orchard more manpower spraying machine is a pedal sprayer, working pressure 0.8 ~ 1 MPa, is a double-cylinder double-acting pump, the pressure is relatively stable, atomization is better. There are two spray hoses (6 meters in length) that can be fitted with 2 booms and single or double heads, spraying them with the stick method. Can also be used small gun, vertical range of 2 to 5 meters, a horizontal range of 3 to 7 meters. The operation is labor-saving, the price is moderate, and it is more suitable for fruit farmers who use trees. However, its mobility is poor. The above types of manual sprayers can be used to spray herbicides by using slit nozzles to achieve the purpose of uniform mist distribution. In order to prevent drug leakage from causing drug damage, an anti-drip valve may be installed at the nozzle; in order to prevent the mist from drifting and harming surrounding crops, a protective mist cover may be added. 2. Mobile medicated equipment The most used mobile medical equipment in China's orchards is stretcher sprayers. Orchard air-blast sprayers have been developed but have not been promoted. Stretcher sprayers have a small body and can be carried by two people. Can also be installed on the car to run. Stretcher sprayers are generally equipped with gasoline engines, and a few are equipped with diesel engines. Grid-connected orchards are equipped with electric motors. Some orchards only purchase single pumps and spraying parts. The pump is mounted on a walking tractor and driven by the tractor's engine. The tractor and the trailer's loading liquid tank are used for medicine and are run in the fields reserved for the field. The capacity of stretcher sprayers is basically not limited by terrain and orchard conditions. Stretcher sprayers are supplied with two sets of spray heads with double and four heads, booms and spray hoses with a length of 30 meters. In some areas, hoses are used to extend the scope of spraying. When using a multi-head nozzle, a pick-rod method is used, and an adjustable spray gun (produced by Suzhou Agricultural Medical Machinery Factory) or a small spray gun is also used. In general, lower spray pressures can be used when spraying with the pick lever method, which saves energy, reduces pump wear, saves medicine, and sprays better quality. However, the operation is inconvenient and the work efficiency is low. The small spray gun is easy to use and saves medicine, but the range is not far enough and the treetops will not spray. The adjustable spray gun has a higher range than the small spray gun (with a horizontal range of more than 10 meters when using helium 3 spray holes), the droplet size is adjustable, the penetration is strong, the liquid adhesion on the back of the leaf is good, the operation is convenient, and the productivity is high. But the smaller spray gun costs money. The stretcher sprayer is equipped with a piston pump, a plunger pump and a piston diaphragm pump. Their pressure and flow indicators are the same (usually less than 2.5 MPa, flow 40 liters/minute), and structural performance varies. Commonly used wettable powders in orchards and highly corrosive lime sulfur binders are susceptible to corrosion and abrasion in piston bowls and cylinders of piston pumps. Plunger pumps are used in plunger pumps because of the clearance between the plunger and cylinder liner. The abrasion of the plug is less; the main moving parts of the piston diaphragm pump do not come in contact with the liquid medicine, and the pump flow path is coated with plastic, and the corrosion resistance is strong. As the piston pump stretcher sprayer has the longest history of promotion, the largest scale of production, the quality of the products of the main manufacturers is excellent, and thus the use amount is the largest. Piston diaphragm pump stretcher sprayer has developed rapidly in recent years, followed by promotion. Knapsack spray duster, than the constant spraying medicine, water, labor force, when the fruit trees for lateral spraying, the air flow forward and constantly turning the leaves, so that the front and back of the leaf can be well sprayed medicine liquid. However, due to the low wind pressure of existing spray dusters, the spray height is limited. Product introduction Vertical spray up to 7 meters, the actual spraying is greatly affected by outside interference. When the upper fruit tree was sprayed, the upper portion was less than the lower portion, so that the overall uniformity was poor, so it was not used in the orchard. When spraying, there are more droplets drifting and vaporization losses. It is better to use when there is no wind or weak wind in the morning or evening. Orchard air-blast sprayer is a kind of sprayer with liquid pump and blower. The liquid pressure is used to atomize the liquid into droplets, and then the air flow of the blower is used to deliver droplets. It is a large-scaled implement matched with the tractor. The air flow containing the droplets of the medicament replaces most of the air inside the crown and blows the leaves so that the droplets penetrate inside the crown. It can also blow droplets to the top of tall trees. With less medication, less water, and high productivity, it can spray more than 100 acres a day. However, it requires fruit tree cultivation techniques, such as the spacing of rows and the planning of field operations, the control of tree heights, and the pruning and transformation of trees. It has been widely adopted in industrialized countries such as the United States and Western Europe, replacing the expensive and time-consuming hand-held spray guns in orchards. In Japan, minicomputers and self-propelled models have also been developed. Since the 1980s, China has also developed several types of products that cannot be well promoted because the conditions cannot keep up. At present, Suzhou Agricultural Medical Machinery Factory can order 3WG--1000 Orchard Air Sprayer. A few years earlier, the Shanxi Province Agricultural Machinery Factory developed a 3MD-700 orchard mister (small tractor traction). In the long-term consideration, the orchard air-feeding sprayer should also be a development direction for the application of fruit trees in China. 3. Orchard Pipeline Spraying Technology Jinhua Agricultural Pharmaceutical Machinery Factory, Beijing Forestry Protection Station, and Sanli Orchard Research Institute of Shunyi County in Beijing have developed orchard pipe spraying technology. Using a drug pool in the orchard, burying pressure-resistant plastic pipes in the ground and connecting with the main pipes arranged on the ground to connect the hoses and spray guns, and using a piston diaphragm pump as the power to deliver the liquid, which can be sprayed at the same time, regardless of the terrain or climate. The restrictions on dense planting conditions, and the low cost of labor and labor, can solve the problems of poor planting orchard passability, inability to enter the ground in rainy days and muddy, and difficult to transfer in slope orchards. The technology has been applied in 150,000 mu of orchards in eight provinces in the north and south, and the economic benefits are good.