The use and maintenance of agricultural vehicles
Supply Soyabean Meal,Supply Wheat Gluten Meal,Fish Oil For Animal Wudi Deda Agriculture Co., Limited , http://www.challmeal.com
December 22 05:10:46, 2018
What is the correct point of the car? (1) New or overhauled vehicles. Must be worn in accordance with the instructions in the instructions, in order to put into use. (2)Before starting the engine, thoroughly inspect whether the nuts of the various parts of the engine have loose imagination; check the engine lubrication system, mainly by checking the amount of oil in the oil pan through the oil scale. If the oil volume is below the specified lower engraved line, it should be added. Oil; Add cooling water and diesel oil, and check for leaks or oil leaks. For electric starting engines, check the storage condition of the battery and the fastening of the battery wiring. (3) After start-up, allow the diesel engine to idle for a while and wait until the cooling water temperature reaches 40°C to 50°C. When the temperature of the diesel oil is low, the viscosity of the lubricant is large, and it is difficult to form an oil film on the friction surface, which is not conducive to the lubrication of the engine, and will greatly aggravate the wear of the moving parts, and even result in accidents such as the shaft holding and burning of the tiles. At the same time, the gear oil is thick at low temperatures, and the resistance of the transmission and the rear axle is great. Therefore, it is advisable to change gears at a low speed for a certain distance and not shift quickly. (4) Do not put your foot on the clutch pedal while driving. Because this will not only cause the clutch to be unable to transmit the power reliably, but will also aggravate the wear of its release bearing and friction plate. (5) Do not step on the clutch pedal while driving. In addition to the harm done by the clutch spring will be compressed due to long time, shorten the service life, more importantly, the speed of the slope is not controlled by the transmission, the inertia force on the steep slope is very large, once encountered special circumstances, very It is difficult to brake the vehicle immediately and it is easy to cause major accidents, which is very harmful to the safe operation of the vehicle. How to use oil for agricultural vehicles? (1) Selection of diesel grades. Agricultural vehicles use light diesel oil as fuel, and are divided into five grades No. 10, No. 0, No. 10, No. 20 and No. 35 depending on the condensation point of light diesel oil. The choice of diesel grades is mainly based on the local temperature. In principle, the freezing point is required to be slightly lower than the minimum gas temperature. The specifications of diesel used in various diesel engines are basically the same. Summer (ambient temperature 10 °C above) use. No. Diesel, winter (ambient temperature below 0 °C) with -10 or -20 light diesel fuel. (2) Selection of lubricants. China's diesel engine lubricants are divided into five levels according to quality standards. Among them, agricultural vehicles are commonly used CC grade lubricants, and it is divided into 8 viscosity models such as 5W/30, 5W/40, 10W/30, l0W/40, 1:W/40, 20W/40, 30, 40 and so on. The higher the value, the greater the viscosity of the lubricant. Different grades of lubricants should be used depending on the season, region, and the technical state of the diesel engine. Under the premise of guaranteeing reliable lubrication, in order to make the engine effectively exert its efficiency, try to use low-grade lubricants. In summer, 40CC diesel oil can be used, and in winter, 30CC diesel oil can be used. For newly-manufactured diesel engines, the viscosity of the selected lubricant can be appropriately lower due to the smaller clearances of the moving parts. (3) Selection of grease. Grease (commonly known as butter) is classified into calcium-based grease, sodium-based grease, and calcium-sodium-based grease, depending on the type of thickener added. 1 Ca-based grease A thick ointment made of engine oil, animal and vegetable oils and lime, yellow. It has good water resistance and is suitable for lubrication of parts that come into contact with moisture or moisture. Because it uses water as a stabilizer, when the use temperature exceeds a predetermined value, it will lose water, so that the resulting structure of the grease is destroyed, so it is not resistant to high temperatures, and usually does not exceed 70 °C. Calcium-based grease is divided into five grades according to the degree of penetration, and its codenames are respectively ZG-1, ZG-2, ZG-3, ZG-4 and ZG-5. The bigger the number, the smaller the penetration and the harder the fat. No. 1 is suitable for low temperature working conditions; No. 2 is suitable for ball bearings with light load and no more than 55°C; No. 3 is suitable for medium-load, medium-speed and mechanical friction parts with temperature below 60°C; No. 4 and No. 5 No. is suitable for lubrication of heavy-duty, low-speed machines with temperatures below 70°C. The lubrication of cooling water pump bearings for medium and low-power diesel engines is best suited for injection of No. 4 calcium-based grease. 2 sodium grease. Made of a blend of oil and soap, the color varies from yellow to dark brown and even black. One of its characteristics is high temperature resistance, which is widely used in machines that work at high temperatures. Its other feature is its strong hydrophilicity, its dissolution after being dissolved and its failure, so it can not be used for water contact. Sodium-based grease is divided into ZN-2, ZN-3, and ZN-4 grades by penetration. No. 2 and No. 3 are suitable for friction parts with a temperature not higher than 115°C, but not for contact with water; No. 4 is suitable for friction parts with a temperature no higher than 135°C, and cannot be used for water or dampness. Parts. Generator bearings and clutch bearings must use sodium grease. 3 calcium sodium grease. Mixed soap grease, divided into two grades of ZGN-1 and ZGN-2. Its water resistance is stronger than that of sodium base grease, and its high temperature resistance is stronger than that of calcium base grease. Suitable for lubrication of bearings operating at high temperatures, with an upper operating temperature of 100 °C. How to purify and use diesel? The use of unclean diesel in diesel engines will wear out parts of the fuel system and cause work to deteriorate. The technical state of the diesel fuel system has an important influence on the economical efficiency of the diesel engine. Therefore, the diesel purification can not only improve the service life of the piston and other parts, but also relates to whether the diesel engine can work effectively and economically. Diesel purification refers to the removal of impurities and moisture in the oil by means of sedimentation and filtration before use to increase the cleanliness of the oil. (1) Pre-precipitation of diesel oil. Generally after 96 hours of precipitation, 0.005 mm particles can be removed. The longer the settling time, the more obvious the removal of tiny impurities that cannot be removed by the filter. (2) Do not shake the precipitated diesel when it is used. Pumping tubing or hoses, etc., cannot be inserted directly into the bottom of the drum, leaving a distance of at least 80–]00 mm from the bottom of the drum. Do not refuel with inclined oil barrels. As for diesel oil tanks 80-100 mm below, they can be collected and used after filtration. (3) Filter when refueling. Be sure to filter when refueling. This is the last mark to prevent mechanical impurities from entering the diesel engine. When refueling with a drawer or self-flow method, it is best to use fine cloth or other filter material to filter. How to carry out routine maintenance and maintenance of agricultural vehicles? During the use of the vehicle, the working performance of the vehicle will wear out, deform, corrode, loosen, and change the gap, etc., which will degrade the technical performance and work ability of the vehicle, cause difficulties in starting, power shortage, fuel consumption increase, and even failure. ACCIDENT. Routine maintenance and maintenance is based on the degree of deterioration of its technical status, systematically inspect, clean, tighten, lubricate, add, adjust, and replace certain vulnerable parts. (1) Fasten. For fastening bolts subjected to dynamic loads and prone to major accidents, such as cylinder heads, connecting rod bearings, flywheels, etc., the fastening bolts have strict requirements and should be tightened as required. Some bolts (such as cylinder head bolts) on new or overhauled vehicles will have initial elongation after trial operation and should be tightened in time. (2) Lubrication. Fill lubricants and greases in a timely manner. When adding, be sure to clean and prevent spillage. (3) Clean. Keep the outside of the vehicle clean, and pay attention to the use of appropriate cleaning agents and proper cleaning methods for internal cleaning. (4) Adjustments. Strictly follow technical maintenance procedures. Agricultural vehicle battery use and maintenance pay attention to what? (1) During use, the dirt around the battery, the oxides on the poles and the wire connections, and the electrolyte on the battery cover should be wiped off. The wiring should be solid and reliable. (2) Regularly check whether the battery is firmly installed in the vehicle and ensure that the wire connector is tight and the contact is good. (3) It is prohibited to discharge large currents for a long time. When starting the engine, the time for each start shall not exceed 5 seconds, and the interval between adjacent two starts shall be 15 seconds apart. At the same time, the electric horn shall not be sounded for a long time. (4) Can not charge and overcharge with high current. Generator regulator voltage regulation value should be adjusted strictly according to regulations. Practice has proved that a 10% increase in charging voltage will shorten the battery life by 2/3. (5) The storage battery should be charged regularly to ensure that it operates in a fully charged state. The discharged battery should be fully charged within 24 hours. (6) When using the battery in winter, special attention must be paid to maintaining a fully charged state so that the electrolyte freezes due to a decrease in relative density, causing the shell to crack. (7) If the battery is not used for three months, fully charge the battery and put it in a cool and ventilated place. At the same time, the relative density of the electrolyte should be checked regularly to keep the battery fully charged. If it is not used for a long time, first discharge the battery at a discharge rate of 20 hours, pour out the electrolyte, and rinse it with distilled water several times until the water is not acidic. After cooling, tighten the hole cover and seal it for storage. How to use and maintain the tire? Tyres are an important part of the agricultural vehicle's walking system and directly affect the performance of various vehicles. Attention should be paid to the following points when using and maintaining: (1) The normal air pressure of tires is often maintained, but in order to make tires different Under the conditions, it can be better used and extended its service life. In the area where road arches are relatively large, the outside tire pressure of the rear wheels can be increased by 0.02-0.03 MPa compared with the standard air pressure. In addition, when driving on hard roads, the air pressure may be slightly higher; when encountering soft roads, the air pressure may be slightly lower. (2) When the vehicle starts and brakes, the operation of the clutch and brake must be well coordinated. Try to make the start as smooth as possible, stop slowly, and avoid emergency braking. At the same time try to avoid turning small bends to reduce tire wear. (3) Do not overload the loaded cargo. Overloading will increase the deformation of the tire, increase the relative slip with the ground, and increase the wear. (4) Correctly disassemble the tire. Use special tools when installing the tires. Do not hit the tires and steel rings with a heavy hammer. When loading, the inner and outer tires and pads should be clean and dry, and a layer of talcum powder should be evenly coated on the inner wall of the tire, the inner tube and the surface of the tire. Rim, ring, and lock ring should be intact. When installing the tire with the arrow indicating the direction, the arrow must be forward. When the twins are installed together, the small-diameter tire is installed in the internal gear and the two-tire valve is 180. (5) In order to make the tire wear evenly, it should be combined with the vehicle maintenance cycle for tire replacement. The transposition should use two methods of “cyclic transposition†and “crossover transpositionâ€, and exchange the tire pressure to adjust the tire position. (6) Pay attention to the storage and storage of tires. Tires should be stored indoors, in a dry and unventilated place. Do not store in the open air, keep away from fire, and do not store in the same room with acids, alkalis, paints, and organic solvents to avoid deterioration. Tires should be erected on the wooden stand with the tread upright, and its supporting points should be changed regularly. Why is it difficult to start a diesel engine? 1. The climate is cold. When the temperature is lower than 0°C, it is difficult to start even if all parts of the diesel engine are normal. The preheating machine must be done before starting. 2. It is too early or too late to supply oil. When the cold car starts, if the diesel fuel supply time is too late, the diesel fuel is discharged together with the air, and it is milky white, so it is not easy to get in the car. When the oil supply time is too early, the cold car will catch fire, but the hot car will not start. 3, valve clearance is too large, decompression is not ideal, resulting in a heavy car, it is difficult to achieve the starting speed. 4, the injection pump plunger wear parts. When the diesel engine is running, the low speed is unstable, but the high speed is basically normal and no smoke is emitted. This is the performance of the wear of the injection pump plunger. The fundamental solution is to replace the plunger assembly. Why do you burn tiles? The symptom is that under the condition of constant load, the diesel engine is struggling, the exhaust gas emits black smoke, and finally it suddenly stops and shakes when cranking the crankshaft. Most of the reasons for burning tiles are due to poor lubrication. The main ones are: (1) Insufficient oil storage in the oil pan. The oil pump does not pump much oil, so the oil pressure is low, causing the oil to not be supplied to the required parts in time. At this time, the oil in the oil pan should be added to the specified height. (2) The oil pump is worn or damaged and should be repaired or replaced. (3) If the oil collecting filter net is blocked or broken by debris, the debris should be promptly removed or the filter replaced. (4) The gap between connecting rod and journal or main bearing and main journal is too small and should be repaired. (5) The oil in the lubricating oil deteriorates the engine oil. Replace the water stop ring or replace the oil. (6) Large oil viscosity. In the winter start, due to the large viscosity of the oil, the oil after the cradles has not been delivered to the oil passages and the car is immediately driven, resulting in burning of tiles at the beginning of the start-up. Why is it difficult to hang up or shift gears? When the file is out, it will make a "click and click" sound, and even hang on the file. The reasons are: (1) The fork is loose or severely worn or deformed. The screws holding the forks are loose, resulting in incomplete files. After the fork is severely worn, it cannot be toggled to move the gear, making it difficult to shift gears. Repair or replace the damaged fork and tighten the captive screws. (2) The positioning groove and the positioning pin are worn. The surface is an irregular step, sometimes stuck during shifting, and the positioning pin cannot slide out of the slot, making it difficult to hang up or shift gears. It should be repaired. (3) Deformation of the shift shaft makes it difficult to move the slide gear. The speed change shaft should be repaired or replaced at this time. (4) Clutch disengagement is not complete. The gears in the box still continue to rotate during shifting, making shifting difficult. At this time, the clutch should be adjusted. Why can't the diesel engine start? The prerequisite for the normal operation of the diesel engine is that well-atomized diesel can be accurately and timely injected into the combustion chamber, and the compressed air in the combustion chamber must reach a sufficient temperature to catch fire and explode. To meet these two conditions, it is necessary to have a sufficiently high rotational speed at the start of the diesel engine and a certain temperature within the cylinder. When the diesel engine cannot start, it should look for reasons from the starting work, diesel fuel supply system and compression. The reasons for the starting work are: (1) The ambient temperature is too low. In the case of low temperatures, the preheating of the diesel engine should be well done, otherwise it is not easy to start. (2) The starting speed is low. For cranked diesel engines, the speed should be gradually increased, and then the pressure relief lever should be moved to the non-decompression position so that there is normal compression in the cylinder. If the decompression mechanism is improperly adjusted or the valve is against the piston, it will often feel that it is very laborious. It is characterized by the fact that the crankshaft can be turned to a certain position but it can be returned. At this time, in addition to checking the decompression mechanism, it should also check whether the timing gear meshing relationship is wrong. For a diesel engine using an electric starter, if the starting speed is extremely slow, most of the starter is powerless. This does not mean that the diesel engine itself has a fault. A detailed inspection of the electrical circuit should be carried out to determine whether the battery is fully charged, whether the connection of the wires is tight and whether the starter is working properly. The reasons for the fuel supply system are: (1) There is no oil in the tank or you forget to turn on the tank switch. (2) Excessive air or water in the fuel supply system. The phenomenon is that the starting speed is not low but it does not catch fire and the exhaust pipe emits white smoke. The check method is to loosen the bleed screw on the diesel filter or the high pressure tubing on the high pressure pump. If there is air coming out, there is air. The method of elimination is to tighten the connections of the oil circuit, then loosen the bleeder screw on the high pressure pump, turn the crankshaft, and remove the air. Water found in diesel can also be eliminated in the same way. If there is too much moisture in the diesel, you need to replace the diesel. (3) Plugged pipe or filter. The method is to use a gas cylinder to blow the pipeline, clean the filter, and check the fuel tank filler screen is intact. (4) The plunger of the fuel injection pump is worn, and the plunger should be replaced at this time. (5) The fuel pump outlet valve is stuck or the oil valve spring is broken. The high-pressure fuel pipe connector can be removed, and the outlet valve and the valve seat can be taken out and cleaned. When the outlet valve spring is broken, it needs to be replaced. (6) The injection pump plunger spring breaks, causing the injection pump to have no pressure. (7) The injection pump plunger is stuck in the plunger sleeve. When the oil circuit is normal, the plunger does not move when the crankshaft is cranked, indicating that the plunger is stuck with the plunger sleeve. The injection pump should be disassembled and the plunger and plunger sleeve cleaned. (8) injector needle stuck. The injector should be removed and the needle valve removed from the injector to clean or replace the needle valve assembly. (9) The fuel injection time is incorrect, and the injection time should be corrected according to the regulations. 3. The reasons for the lack of compressive force: (1) Leakage of intake and exhaust valves. There are two reasons for this type of air leakage: First, the valve clearance is too small to close the valve and it is necessary to readjust the valve clearance. The other is that there may be spots on the valve sealing cone surface, such as rust, carbon deposits and other debris, but also make the valve closed lax. The crankshaft can be cranked during the inspection. If there is a “buzzing, squeaking†sound in the air cleaner and the exhaust pipe, the inlet and exhaust valves will leak. The valve needs to be ground. (2) The cylinder head nut is not tightened or the cylinder head gasket is damaged. When turning the crankshaft, if there is a leakage sound at the joint surface between the cylinder head and the machine body, the cylinder head nut may not be tightened, or the cylinder head gasket may be damaged. If it is the former, it should be tightened as required. If the latter is the case, when the cylinder pad is not badly damaged, the asbestos thread can be used to make up for the damage, and in case of serious damage, replace the new pad. (3) excessive wear of the piston ring. When turning the crankshaft, the inside of the body (such as low oil shell) leaks sound, most of them are on the piston ring. Some clean oil can be added into the cylinder. If the compression force is increased after the addition, the piston ring should be replaced. (4) The piston ring opening moves to a straight line (commonly known as the counterpart), or the piston ring is stuck in the ring groove due to coke deposition, and the cylinder cannot be popped up. The phenomenon is that when the crankshaft is turned, there is a sound of air leakage in the crankcase. The piston ring should be removed to remove coke. If the ring moves to a straight line, the positions of the openings should be evenly distributed, but the direction of the piston pin must be avoided. (5) The injector fixing bolt is loose. The cylinder head is leaking at the injector and it should be tightened. 4. Other reasons: If the bearing bushes or copper sleeves are bitten to death, the crankshaft cannot be turned; the pistons are reversed or the air filter is blocked so that the diesel engine cannot start. Although this type of situation is relatively rare, it is also worthy of attention. Why does the exhaust pipe emit black smoke in large quantities? Exhaust with black smoke is a unique sign of poor combustion, common causes and the corresponding measures are the following: (1) diesel engine overload. The diesel engine was overloaded and the amount of oil supply increased. Diesel could not be completely burned and it would emit black smoke. Occasionally, the operating resistance caused by burning tiles, holding shafts, and pulling cylinders is suddenly increased. It is necessary to check and analyze the relevant clearances and machining quality of the friction surfaces, and to readjust or replace new ones. (2) Injector malfunction. The low injection pressure of the injector, the poor quality of the spray, the drip of the fuel injector, etc. all cause incomplete combustion and black smoke. (3) The oil supply time is too early. In the case of a lower pressure and temperature in the cylinder, the premature supply of oil may cause partial diesel combustion to be incomplete, forming carbon particles and discharging them from the exhaust pipe. The oil supply time should be readjusted. (4) Air filter plugged. Insufficient intake air due to air filter plugging can also cause black smoke. If diesel emits black smoke at high speed and low speed, the filter test can be removed. If the black smoke immediately disappears, the air filter is blocked and must be cleaned immediately. (5) The fuel injection pump has a large amount of oil and should be readjusted. Why does a diesel engine smoke blue smoke? When the diesel engine emits blue smoke, the engine oil enters the cylinder and part of it burns. The rest is discharged from the exhaust pipe. This not only results in wastage of engine oil, but more importantly it makes carbon deposition of pistons, piston rings, valves, etc., and accelerates the wear of parts. The reasons for serious blue smoke are: (1) Excessive oil in the oil pan or cylinder sleeve resistance The water ring leaks and the oil level rises, resulting in too much oil splashed on the cylinder wall and easy to enter the combustion chamber. Should stop and check, if there is too much oil, let go part of it; if it is leaked, it should be replaced with oil. (2) The lack or breakage of the piston ring's elasticity weakens its oil scraping effect, causing it to bleed. It should be replaced with a new one. (3) The clearance between the piston and the cylinder liner is too large, so that the oil splashed on the cylinder wall can easily enter the combustion chamber. Even if it is overhauled, and if necessary replace the cylinder liner or cylinder to replace the increased level piston and piston ring, so that the fit clearance meets the requirements. (4) Excessive oil in the air cleaner. For agricultural diesel engines using oil bath air filters, if there is too much oil in the filter plate, the viscosity of the oil is reduced due to the hot car, and the oil is easily brought into the combustion chamber by air. Therefore, the oil should be filled as required. (5) The oil ring is installed in reverse. There are lead or taper on the edge of the oil ring. It must be assembled according to certain requirements to play the role of oil scraping. If installed, it will cause the ability of scraping oil to drop, resulting in engine oil. Why is the diesel overheated? The overheating performance of the diesel engine is that the cooling water temperature is too high, exceeding the normal value of 80°C-90°C, and even reaching l00°C. Overheating makes it easy to deform parts, reduce the viscosity of the oil, accelerate the wear of the parts, and prematurely burn the mixture due to overheating, reducing the power of the diesel engine. Causes of overheating: The cooling system is not working properly. The main ones are: Insufficient circulating water cooling. (1) The fan belt is loose or the fan blades are reversed. (2) The radiator air duct is blocked. (3) The impeller section of the pump is worn and the pumping capacity is reduced. (4) Excessive scale in water jackets, radiators, or blocked water pipes. 1 The diesel engine is overloaded for a long time. 2 The oil supply time is too early. The temperature of the engine body is high, the exhaust gas is black smoke, and at the same time the work is weak, and it is necessary to adjust the oil supply time. 3 There is too much carbon on the cylinder head of the piston and piston ring, and the coke should be removed. 4 Exhaust valve is too large. As the exhaust valve opening time is shortened, the exhaust gas in the cylinder cannot be discharged in time, causing the machine to overheat and the diesel engine power to drop. The valve clearance should be adjusted as required. Why diesel engine diesel engine operation, the sudden increase in speed appears high-speed, and faster and faster, even if the throttle is pushed to the minimum position, can not reduce the speed, this phenomenon is called "speed." If it is found that the sudden increase in the engine speed and abnormal noises occur at the same time, emergency measures must be taken to stop the vehicle immediately, otherwise serious accidents will occur. There are the following reasons for causing the wood pumping to fly: The governor malfunctions. The main reasons are: (1) The governor spring breaks. (2) The governor fly or steel ball falls off. (3) Excessive oil in the governor affects the inertial action of the flyweight and does not allow sensitive control of the fuel injection. Fuel injection pump adjustment mechanism fails: (1) The rack and tie rods are disconnected. (2) The fuel pump adjusting gear rod or lever is stuck. Excessive combustion oil. Because the oil level in the oil pan is too high, the temperature is too high, or the piston ring leaks, the oil is sucked into the cylinder and burned. The common emergency treatment methods encountered by the speeding car are: disconnect the high-pressure fuel pipe; block the air filter; press the decompression handle plate to the decompression position, etc., to force the diesel engine to extinguish.