The suitable environment for the growth and development of potato
Pharmaceutical Raw Material,Pharmaceutical Intermediate,Pharmaceutical Chemical Glutathione For Skin Whitening & Beauty Co., Ltd. , http://www.nsrawpowder.com
November 11 23:01:06, 2018
Potatoes are cool crops, which are particularly conducive to the growth and development of tubers under low-temperature and short-day conditions. Therefore, effective technical measures should be taken according to local conditions in production to create conditions conducive to growth and development of tubers and promote high tuber yield. Appropriate environment for the development of potato production: Temperature can be germinated when the dormant tuber is released at 5°C. The optimum temperature for seedling growth and development is 13°C-18°C, and the optimum condition for flowering is 18°C-21°C. The optimal temperature for flowering is 15°C-18°C, and the suitable temperature for tuber formation is 20°C. There is a great demand for water during the growth and development of the water potato. The research results show that the water consumption per hectare is 3200-4200 tons when the water consumption is 708 kg per 1000 kg dry matter production and 22.5-30 tons per hectare. . The period from bud initiation to tuber enlargement is a crucial period for the formation of yield, and it is extremely sensitive to the supply of water. Once water is scarce, production will drop drastically and it will be difficult to make up for it with other technologies. Soil potatoes have a wide range of adaptation to the soil, and they can be cultivated except for soils that are too acid, over-alkali, and too viscous, and where arable land is poorly drained. However, sandy loam with deep plough layer, loose soil, and good drainage and ventilation is most suitable. Fertilizer Potatoes are high-yielding crops that require large amounts of fertilizer, but do not produce enough fertilizer to supply high yields. According to the experiment, every 1000 pounds of tubers needed to absorb 5-6 pounds of nitrogen, 1-3 pounds of phosphorus and 11-13 pounds of potassium from the soil. The main role of nitrogen fertilizer is to increase photosynthetic productivity and increase chlorophyll content. Appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer can promote early growth of plants and produce high-yield plant type. However, if nitrogen is applied excessively, the growth center will develop mainly on the ground, causing leggy, hindering the development of tubers, and seriously affecting the yield. Phosphorus fertilizer can greatly enhance the yield benefit of nitrogen fertilizer, strengthen the accumulation of tuber dry matter and starch, and increase the starch content of fast stem. Phosphate fertilizer can promote root growth, improve the plant's ability to resist cold and drought, as well as promote early maturing. If there is a lack of phosphorus, the growth of the leaves is blocked, brown spots appear in the tubers, and it is brittle and not soft when cooked, which seriously affects the quality of food. Potassium fertilizer can strengthen the metabolic process of the plant, enhance the photosynthetic intensity, delay the aging of the leaves, promote the synthesis of tuber nutrients, make the stem thicker, reduce lodging, thicken the leaves, improve disease resistance and cold resistance. The lack of potassium in plants results in slow growth, even stop growth, and shorten internodes. Plants are vulnerable to parasitic bacteria; underground tubers become smaller and their quality deteriorates. Other elements in the period of potato growth, calcium, magnesium, boron and other trace elements are also essential. The growth and development of the light potato significantly responded to the light intensity and the daily sunshine hours. Sunshine, light intensity and temperature affect each other. The most favorable conditions for the formation of potato yield at each growth stage are: short days of sunlight, strong light, and moderately high temperatures conducive to the promotion of root development, the formation of strong seedlings, and the improvement of tubers. A long daylight, strong light, and moderately high temperatures during growing trees are conducive to the healthy development of plants and lay the foundation for high yields. Short daylight, strong light, and large temperature difference between day and night during the potato stage favored the transfer of assimilation products into tubers and promoted high tuber yield. Potato Production Potential The potato is a high-yielding crop, with a total yield of up to 45,000 kilograms and a high yield of 150,000 kilograms, which is 2-4 times higher than the dry matter yield per unit area of ​​other food crops. When comparing the starch produced per acre, none of the major food crops can be compared with potatoes. According to statistics in 1999, the average potato output in the world was 32040 jins, and the average output in China was 25,400 jins. Compared with the world's high-yield countries and the theoretical output, there is a huge potential for increasing potato production in China. At present, the countries with high potato yield in the world produce 86,000 pounds of Dutch cockroaches, 80,498 pounds in Germany and 7,729 pounds in the United States. According to research by British scientists, the theoretical output of potatoes is about 240,000 kilograms per kilogram. According to calculations by scientists of the former Soviet Union, theoretical output of potato at 40°C-50°C in latitude can reach 278,000 kilos/day. In many provinces in China, the average output exceeds the world average, and Shandong Province produces an average of 54270 pounds. In Gansu Province, a record of 169,000 jins was produced and a record of 130,600 jin/kg was recorded in Wanggang Township, Harbin. The yield per plant was higher, and the Benxi Agricultural Institute in Liaoning Province had a record of 45.4 pounds per plant. Since the development of potato production in our district in 1998, an average of more than 100 mu per mu produced 90,000-100,000 kilograms, and an average of 60,000-100,000 kilograms over several hundred mu has appeared one after another. The above examples show that as long as certain conditions are created to meet the physiological and growth needs of the potato as far as possible, good yields can be obtained without investing too much.