Zhejiang Online Health News July 28 (training reporter Weng Hanlu correspondent Jiang Hao) July 28th was the sixth World Hepatitis Day set up by the World Health Organization (WHO). The theme of this year is: Know Hepatitis and take immediate action.

A few days ago, the reporter learned from the Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention that the current stage of liver disease in Zhejiang Province is a matter of happiness and concern: hi is nearly 300 times the incidence of hepatitis A, children's hepatitis B has been effectively controlled; worry is the increase in hidden infections of hepatitis E, lethality high.

Hepatitis has been one of the most important public health problems in the world. About 1 million people in the world die every year. Viral hepatitis is caused by a variety of hepatitis viruses and is mainly composed of liver diseases, and is divided into hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E hepatitis.

Hepatitis A: The incidence in the province has fallen by nearly 300 times compared with 25 years ago!

Hepatitis A is caused by the Hepatitis A virus (HAV), and is mainly transmitted through the fecal-oral route. The incubation period is usually 14-28 days. The symptoms vary from person to person. There may be fever, loss of appetite, diarrhea, nausea, and deepness. Color urine and jaundice and so on.

Since 1990, Zhejiang Province has promoted the use of hepatitis A vaccine. In 1999, it first took hepatitis A vaccine into the national plan for immunization management. At this stage, the incidence of hepatitis A in the province has dropped from 232.74/100, 000 in 1990 to 0.80/lakh in 2015, making the incidence of hepatitis A drop by nearly 300 times in 25 years.

Hepatitis B: Children's hepatitis B is effectively controlled, reducing 50,000 to 60,000 newborns every year

Hepatitis B is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and is mainly transmitted through blood, mother-infant pathways, sexual contact, and daily contact. Most people do not have any symptoms during acute infection, but in some acute cases, the symptoms can persist for several weeks, including yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), dark urine, extreme fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

Most adults in healthy adults are infected with hepatitis B virus, but they may also cause chronic liver infections in some people and may later develop into cirrhosis or liver cancer.

Since 1987, Zhejiang province has begun to promote the use of hepatitis B vaccine. Currently, the positive rate of hepatitis B virus surface antigen in the whole population has dropped from 11% in 1992 to 1% in 2014. The positive rate of hepatitis B surface antigen in children under 15 years of age has been from 1992. 10.98% fell to 0.41% in 2014.

This shows that hepatitis B in our province has shifted from a high prevalence area to a low-to-medium prevalence level, and children's hepatitis B has been effectively controlled. Based on this measure, after the implementation of hepatitis B vaccination, the province can reduce the incidence of HBV infection among 5 to 60,000 newborns each year.

Potential and Clear Pathways for Hepatitis E (HEV) Transmission

Hepatitis E: The number of cases has exceeded the rate of hepatitis A, and there are many recessive infections and high mortality.

Hepatitis E is caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV) and is usually transmitted through the fecal-oral route. It is a self-limited infection and usually heals itself within 4-6 weeks. The main manifestations are jaundice, fever, loss of appetite, and nausea. Vomiting and so on, if the disease progresses rapidly, it can develop fulminant hepatitis, which is acute liver failure.

From 2010 to 2015, there were 22,836 reported cases of hepatitis E in the province and 9 deaths, which was far higher than the number of reported cases and deaths of hepatitis A in the same period. The case report showed that the incidence of males and females was 1.76:1, and that of people aged 40 and above accounted for 77%.

“The epidemic of the hepatitis E epidemic has obvious seasonality. It mostly occurs after the rainy season or after the flood. The onset is mainly young adults, and the elderly and pregnant women have more serious infections.” Disease control experts warned that most patients with hepatitis E have no symptoms or only caused Mild disease, so often missed, but compared to other types of viral hepatitis, hepatitis E has a higher mortality rate, especially for the elderly and pregnant women.

Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent hepatitis A, hepatitis B and hepatitis E

"To prevent viral hepatitis, vaccination is the most effective way to prevent hepatitis A, B and E." Disease control experts stressed.

At present, for prevention of hepatitis A, there are two live attenuated Hepatitis A vaccines and two inactivated Hepatitis A vaccines in Zhejiang Province. Children of the right age can be vaccinated free of charge. Among them, the live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine was given at 18 months of age, and the inactivated hepatitis A vaccine was given at 18-24 months and 2 years of age, respectively (2 doses at 6 month intervals).

Hepatitis B vaccination targets mainly neonates, followed by infants and young children, under 15 years of age, non-immune and high-risk groups. The entire immunization schedule was 0, 1 and 6 months each inoculated with 1 dose, a total of 3 doses, the first dose should be Inoculation within 24 hours after birth.

The hepatitis E vaccine vaccination program is 0, 1, and 6 months. At present, the world's first hepatitis E vaccine developed in China has been on the market, and it is applicable to the prevention of hepatitis E in susceptible people aged 16 to 60 years. The key high-risk groups recommended for vaccination include livestock breeders, catering personnel, students or military officers and soldiers, women of childbearing age, and travelers in affected areas.

In addition, the transmission channels of hepatitis A and hepatitis E virus are mainly fecal-oral transmission. Therefore, daily life should pay attention to diet and drinking water hygiene, do not eat raw shellfish, but also develop the hygiene habits of washing hands before and after meals, to prevent "diseases from the mouth."

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