Soil Testing and Fertilizer: Recognize You Again
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November 08 00:02:03, 2018
When Premier Wen Jiabao visited rural Hubei Province in June this year, the farmer Zeng Xianghua said to the Prime Minister his wish: “Can you give the test soil to see if there is a shortage of fertilizer, so that it can be fertilized in accordance with the formula?†A farmer confessed for many years. Come to farmers to apply fertilizer. At the subsequent Sixth National Fertilizer Fair, relevant leaders of the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of the Ministry of Agriculture held a symposium with the chiefs of the province's soil and fertilizer stations to discuss the soil testing formulation work. The almost forgotten word “test soil and fertilizer†has once again become a hot spot for people to care about. The use of a large country is also a waste of big countries. China is a big country in agriculture and a country with a large population. The problem of food for the population of 1.3 billion can never be ignored. At the same time, China is also a big country for fertilizer production and consumption. The proper use of fertilizer is an important factor in ensuring that the problem of eating is solved. The role of fertilizers in agricultural production is extremely important. Taking the chemical fertilizer, the boss of the fertilizer family, as an example, the annual chemical fertilizer use in China has been reduced by more than 40 million tons, accounting for 1/3 of the world total; and the use of 240 kg per hectare has exceeded the world average. Gao Xiangzhao of the Fertilizer Division of the Ministry of Agriculture uses 3 “1/2†to illustrate the importance of chemical fertilizers in agricultural production: Fertilizer occupies 1/2 of China’s agricultural inputs, fertilizers support more than 1/2 of agricultural output in China, and fertilizers feed 1/1/ 2 Chinese people. The amount of fertilizer used in our country is enormous, but the waste is astonishing. It is understood that the fertilizer application rate per unit area in China has reached 1.6 times the world average. The current utilization rate of fertilizer in China is only about 30%, and the amount of waste that is wasted each year is converted into RMB 100 billion. This is equivalent to the fact that more than 1,000 fertilizer companies produce fertilizers that are poured into the ground every year. These wastes also pollute the atmosphere upwards, aggravating the earth's temperature effect; contaminating groundwater downwards, leading to deterioration of water quality, directly threatening the health of humans and animals; destroying the soil structure in the middle, resulting in hardening of the soil hardened, microbes to damage; into the river Some of the lakes have led directly to eutrophication, which has led to the proliferation of algae, the disappearance of fish and shrimp, and the deterioration of water quality. No mistakes in fertilization can not rely on experience but rely on the emergence of various scientific evils, so many people irritated in chemical fertilizers, and even denied the application of chemical fertilizers. Experts pointed out that there is no fault in applying chemical fertilizers, and mistakes are wrong in the abuse of chemical fertilizers. The most direct reason for the problem of abusing chemical fertilizers is that farmers do not know that the soil lacks those fertilizers, and the amount of fertilizer is insufficient. Fertilization is judged by experience. The ancestors of the peasants have been feeling fertilized for generations. A word from the Hubei peasant Zeng Xianghua shows the puzzle of 800 million farmers fertilizing. How can we apply chemical fertilizers just right? Ye Xuechun, the station chief of Henan Fertilizer Station, has a more appropriate metaphor: fertilization is like the prescription of traditional Chinese medicine. The first thing to do is to measure the cause of the patient's illness, and then open the prescription. The patient holds the prescription to the pharmacy to catch the medicine. Only in this way can the right medicine be properly treated. The implementation of this principle on fertilization is the work of "testing and formulating fertilizers" that has been implemented in China since the 1980s. The method of soil testing and fertilizing rich soil and measuring fertilization on the road to agriculture is an important parallel fertilization technology in modern agriculture and has been implemented abroad for a long time. In simple terms, the soil testing and fertilizer application is based on analysis of soil tests. Based on the knowledge of the conditions of fertilizer supply to the soil, the type, ratio and dosage of fertilization determined by the experts are based on the characteristics of the fertilizer required for planting crops and the release conditions of fertilizers. With fertilizer, scientific fertilization. What are the benefits of soil testing formulas for farmers and agriculture? According to Gao Xiangzhao, the Fertilizer Division of the Ministry of Agriculture, there are five main areas: First, increase production. It is conservatively predicted that soil testing and fertilizer will increase crop yield by 110, and even reach 40% to 50% in some places. Second, reduce waste, save costs, and protect the environment. Gao Xiang took the following account: If soil testing and fertilizer are used, the average fertilizer per hectare can save about 10% of the fertilizer, equivalent to RMB is tens of yuan; at the same time, it can increase the yield of agricultural crops by about 10% per mu, which is roughly estimated at 40-50 RMB. . The sum of these two items is 50-60 yuan, which is not a small number for the farmers whose income is not high at present. At the same time, measured fertilization is applied to the soil, which is conducive to full absorption of crops and reduces the environmental pollution caused by excessive use of fertilizers. Third, improve the quality of agricultural products. Some people think that melons are not sweet, fruit is not fragrant, and vegetables are odorless. Gao Xiangzhao said: In fact, it is not a matter of applying chemical fertilizers, but it is an abuse of chemical fertilizers. Rational use of fertilizers, melons like sweet, fruit according to the old incense. The soil testing and fertilizer can achieve this effect. Fourth, improve soil fertility. The output rate of land in China is very high, but soil fertility in many areas is decreasing. This is the result of farmers’ emphasis on chemical fertilizers and neglect of organic fertilizers. Soil testing and fertilizer can help farmers understand what nutrients are missing from the soil. According to the need of fertilizer and fertilizer, in order to make the soil lack of nutrients timely supplement. Fifth, optimize the layout of crops. For a long time, what kind of crops on the land is not determined by the characteristics of soil and climate, but depends on the needs of the farmers or the will of the leaders. The resulting results are often "high input" corresponding to "low output". For example, letting horses plant paddy fields and buffalo ploughing dry land can not be done. The key is low efficiency. If the soil is measured first and then the crops are laid out according to factors such as soil and climate, the yield rate naturally increases. For the significance of soil testing and fertilizer, the soil fertilizer system personnel and many farmers have long had a deep understanding. China began to implement this work in the 1980s, and the Central People's Government attached great importance to it. The staff of the soil and fertilizer system made many efforts for this purpose. Many farmers have therefore benefited a lot. However, judging from the current national situation, due to various reasons, this work has not really persevered. At the recent National Fertilizer Exchange, many station owners expressed the same view; the traditional methods of fertilization can no longer adapt to the development of the agricultural situation. It is necessary to develop “high-quality, high-yield, and high-efficiency†agriculture, increase farmers’ income, and measure soil distribution. Fertilizer work will be booming again.