Rice Separating Rice Seedlings and Mechanical Transplanting Technology
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November 14 07:03:12, 2018
This technology is a complete set of technologies developed by Tianjin agricultural machinery and technology personnel based on the experience of Tianjin's natural and economic conditions, based on the experience of domestic and foreign factory-based greenhouse breeding, greenhouse cultivation and mechanical transplanting. Rice cultivation techniques. This technology consists of two parts, the diaphragm breeding and mechanical transplanting. (1) Diaphragm-raising septum Nursing is the laying of perforated membranes on selected boring beds, then filling the membranes with bed soil, and then sowing and covering with soil. This way of raising seedlings can save a large amount of land, water and seeds, and the soil-bearing seedlings produced can be suitable for rice transplanters. Years of experimental research have shown that seedlings raised using the septum seedling method can grow almost without stagnation. Because the roots grow in fertile soil, the roots are well developed, and the roots are planted with soil, and the seedlings are cut down. The seedlings maintain normal absorption function, so they are slower and faster, and they are stronger than the traditional antimony. , 4 to 7 more than conventional pods. This ensures that the ear and grain are large. Traditionally, only 1 to 19 hectares of Honda can be planted on 1 hectare, while 1 hectare of diaphragm can be inserted into 65 hectares of Honda, and the highest is 120 hectares, which greatly reduces the land area occupied by Putian. Moreover, Honda can save 64% of water, save 32% of seeds, and increase production by more than 15% per hectare. 1. Materials and equipment preparation (1) Seed preparation: The seeds are generally selected in the same manner as traditional cultivated varieties. Use 5250-6000 kg per hectare of paddy field (equivalent to 75-120 kg per hectare of Honda). It is required that the germination power be above 80%, the germination rate should be above 90%, and the germination test should be done before sowing. (2) Bed soil preparation: The amount of bed soil per hectare is 270 cubic meters (240 tons), and it can be used for dredging siltation after weathering, or paddy field soil and fertile soil with light saline and fertile soil. The ideal bed soil should have the following characteristics: loose and fertile, rich in organic matter, granular, good water permeability, acidic, no grass seeds and germs. Before preparing the bed soil, the bed soil shall be smashed and screened (6 to 8 mm) for use. The bed soil may not be mixed with bricks, stones, ash, etc., otherwise it will damage the rice transplanter. (3) Acid regulant: Rice seedlings are suitable for growth in slightly acidic soils. Tests have shown that bed soil pH value of 4.5 to 5.5, the seedlings grow robust, good quality, strong resistance to disease. In North China, seedlings are more sensitive to the pH of the soil due to lower temperatures during the early stages of the breeding season. Therefore, acid treatment must be performed. Acidity agent can be used furfural slag or acidified coal. Note that the bed soil must be evenly mixed to avoid acid damage. (4) Pesticides: 75 kg per hectare can be prepared for the enemy, 15 kg for the sterilization of seeds and 7.5 kg for carbendazim at 0.3%. Herbicides use 50% herbicide 7.5 kg per hectare or 20% dioscorein 9 kg. (5) Plastic film: base film: about 150 kilograms per hectare of self-made perforated plastic film. When punching, the bottom film may be folded into several folds, and a punch with a diameter of 4 mm or 5 mm is punched at a hole pitch of 4040 mm. It is required that the base film has the same pore size and be arranged in an orderly manner, and there must be no perforated pores. Areas where conditions permit can also be used plastic floppy disk with holes, the amount of 52500 to 60000 per hectare. Film: About 1,200 kilograms per hectare, with bamboo sheds and straw ropes, etc. (6) Yujing equipment: Yujing equipment includes iron frame, seeder, watering can, sprayer, moldboard and thermometer. 5 to 6 sets of iron frames are welded with iron plates 2 to 3 mm thick and 2.5 cm wide. If equipped with a 30 cm row type rice transplanter (Type 9356), each frame size is 5828 cm; with 23 cm row type rice transplanter (Type 7358), each frame size is 5822 cm. The total width of the frame is two chip lengths, ie 116 cm, and the length is an integral multiple of the seedling width. The use of framed soil can ensure that the bed soil thickness is uniform and the seedlings have the same specifications. The planters used the 2BTP-58 and 2B-116 type high rail pusher planters produced in Nanjing. If conditions permit, 2 seeders can be equipped, one for seeding and the other for earth covering. Watering cans, sprayers, moldboards, and thermometers are properly prepared depending on the number of eucalypts. 2. Nursery school operations (1) Putian preparation: The Yutian field should be selected from lands with high topography, leeward sunlight, fertile soil, low salinity, good permeability, and easy irrigation and drainage. In the spring, about 10 centimeters of shallow rotary tillage, the soil blocks are dried, and the net rice and other sundries are removed. The seed bed size is 1.35 meters wide and the length can be determined by the terrain. After leveling the bed and drying it, pressure is applied once before sowing. (2) bed soil preparation: Diaphragm nursery bed soil thickness of 2.5 cm, the amount of seeding to fight, seedlings to grow robustly, in addition to requiring fertile bed soil, it should also add the right amount of available nutrients. Prepared bed soil generally needs to add 10% of decomposed horse dung, 0.2% of ammonium sulfate, and 2% of superphosphate. If the soil fertility is poor, the amount of horse dung and ammonium sulfate should be appropriately increased. In addition, we must also understand the permeability of bed soil. On the eel bed, it is required to be tight and suitable for machine seeding, machine insertion and seedling hair root growth. The viscous heavy soil has poor permeability. After mechanical sowing, when the enemy liquid is sprayed, it cannot be quickly evacuated and there will be drifting phenomenon, which will affect the quality of sowing. When the machine is inserted, it will also cause turbulence and reduce the quality of machine insertion. Therefore, 5% rice husk or distiller's grains should be added to the viscous soil. Bed soil pH can be maintained at 4.5 to 5.5. Bed and soil mixing is mainly based on mechanical mixing, which can achieve even mixing. Serious smashing must be carried out before mixing. (3) Seed and sowing date: According to the routine, a number of preparations, such as seed removal, screening, drying, saltwater selection, disinfection, soaking and germination, are performed. If coated seeds are used, soaking and germination measures can be subtracted, but the sowing date needs to be advanced 3 to 5 days. Diaphragm breeding is short-lived, with soil whole roots down the field, does not hurt the root, does not hurt the seedlings, anti-reverse strong, the survival temperature is lower than the traditional locust by 1 ~ 2 °C, therefore, can be compared with the traditional pod planting early limit of 5 to 7 days in advance. In North China, it is advisable to insert the machine after May 10-15. Therefore, the sowing date can be calculated 35 days in advance. 3. Seeder and sowing operation (1) Seeder: The seeder consists of seed box, jigsaw plate, operation handle, adjustment handle, seed wheel, limit wheel, track frame (12 meters) and so on. It relies on the scroll wheel to scroll along the track and drive the seed wheel to achieve the machine broadcast. Because it is equipped with a high rail, the seeder is not in direct contact with the bed soil, thus avoiding the influence of soil conditions and humidity on the rolling speed of the seed wheel, and thus uniform seeding. The planter operates with two people. Coordinate and move forward slowly and evenly. Before the formal seeding operation, sowing adjustment should be carried out firstly by laying a large piece of plastic cloth on a flat yard, putting up a group of tracks, sowing seeds, collecting a certain area of ​​seed weighing, and calculating the unit area. The amount of broadcast. If not, adjust the adjustment knob until you find the required amount. (2) Sowing operation: Spread the bottom soil: Spread the perforated bottom membrane on the trampoline, press the frame, pour into the well-mixed bed soil, and scrape with a scraper. The soil thickness is 2 cm. Sowing: The track is placed on a bed made of bed soil and sown with an adjusted seeder. The ground and clearly uneven areas are filled with hands. Cover soil: Artificial soil or seeder can be used for earth covering. After the seeder has adjusted the sowing volume, the earth-covering operation is completed once. The thickness of the soil layer is 0.5 cm. Spray the enemy liquid: After covering the soil, use a watering can to spray 1000 times the enemy liquid on the bed once. Use 6 grams per square meter and 6 kilograms of water. To drench. Spray herbicide: 50% per hectare to kill grass 6 ~ 7.5 kg, spray 750 kg of water, to spray evenly, do not leak spray. Film: Two kinds of flat film and arch film can be used. The cost of the flat membrane is relatively low, and the ventilation of the arch shed is convenient. Water sufficient for pouring: Immediately after filming, water is poured. When water is poured, the film is opened from the boring-bed. The water spreads over the surface of the bed and is poured thoroughly. After watering, it should be quickly evacuated and clear water is not stored. Avoid flooding from the outside of the membrane, due to the isolation of the bottom membrane and the covered membrane, the seepage water of the boring bed is not transparent, and the lack of water on the bed surface will affect the germination and unearthing on time. 4. Management of seedlings (1) Management of the intramembrane period: The seedling period within the film is from 1.5 to 2 leaves after seeding, which takes about 15 days. The emergence period is a period of great importance for the quality of seedlings, and the focus should be on the management of intra-membrane temperature and moisture. Experiments showed that seed germination rate was the highest at 32°C and seedling emergence was fast and tidy. Therefore, the temperature in the film must be no higher than 32°C in the daytime after the film is covered and 10 mm before emergence, and the night temperature should not be lower than 8°C. When the intra-membrane temperature exceeds the specified value during the day, ventilation is required to reduce the temperature. The ventilation method is: on the leeward side of the bed, the bed soil pressed on the film is divided into sections, the opening vents, the number and size of the vents are determined according to the temperature inside the film and the outside temperature. Diaphragm water management requires ground water but not water, keeping bed soil moist. Each time the irrigation water is poured over the bed, it should be quickly evacuated after pouring. When there is stagnant water, water should be discharged in a timely manner. (2) Management after uncovering the film: When the seedlings grow to 1.5 to 2 leaves, the film can be removed. Uncover the film in sunny and windy weather. Water the film immediately after uncovering the film and pay attention to water and fertilizer management and disease prevention. The water management after the removal of the film is basically the same as before the removal of the film. This section of temperature management mainly uses water to regulate. After the film was removed, the seedlings should be top-dressed three times. The top dressing time was 1.5 leaves, 2.5 leaves, and 3.5 leaves, respectively. Every time after top dressing, the interval between 7 and 10 days is 300 kg of ammonium sulfate per hectare. 3.5 At the same time, 300 kg of fertilized phosphate fertilizer can be applied to each hectare. The top dressing is sprayed with water, and then washed once to prevent fertilizer burning. In order to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases, when the seedlings are 1.5 leaves of age, 1000 times of enemy liquid must be sprayed, and 3 kg of liquid medicine is required per square meter. The liquid medicine should be completely immersed in bed soil. Seedlings aged 30 to 35 days, seedling height 152 cm, leaf age 3 to 3.5 leaves, root number 15 or so, 100 plant dry weight above 2 grams, seedling density 2 to 2.5 strains/cm. The seedling stems are flat, the leaves are quite flexible, the roots are well-crusted, the seedling height, leaf age, and leaf color are neat and consistent, and disease-free and weed-free can be transplanted. (ii) Honda Site Preparation 1. Ploughing in paddy field with paddy field can expose soil stumbling block to air, weather it, promote granule structure, and be suitable for growth of diaphragm seedlings. In addition, it can also control weeds and pests and diseases. The suitable depth for ploughing is 10-15 cm. Plowing time is appropriate for autumn and winter, followed by spring. Early turning can more sunburn, so that the plow soil matured. Plowing requires that the fields be flat and consistent in depth and depth, that the ploughs should be flat, that they should be flat and tidy, that they should not leave a grid, and that the ground should be the same, so as to minimize opening and closing. 2. The whole land of the paddy fields should be carried out after the fall or the spring roll, and the discs should be used first to displace the discs or diagonally. After the fall, it is better to use a heavy notch to crush the clam block and then brew the blisters on the harder block. The autumn-fallen plots, early spring soaking in the spring, can promote soil swelling and constrain the germination of weeds, and then the leeches and water can be ploughed one or two times and then levelled. The rice transplanter is suitable for real loose land operations under the plough layer. For this purpose, the rake time for the machine-inserted land should be advanced in order to have a sufficient settling time. However, the sedimentation time is too long. Soil compaction will also cause troubles in the transplanter work, and it will cause drifting. Therefore, in general, the soil needs to be precipitated for 3 to 5 days after the land leeches; the heavy loam soil is precipitated for 5 to 7 days; after the sandy soil leeches settle rapidly, the leeches should be carried out one day before the transplanting day or on the same day; the newly-opened rice fields, Due to the deeper land reclamation, after the water sluice, the sedimentation time should be more than 10 days, otherwise the transplanter is easy to subside. Paddy field cultivation generally uses rotary tillage with a depth of 10-12 cm. After the paddy fields have been rotated or machine-slung, the fields should be immediately slid with machinery or animal husbandry, and then the water should be discharged to precipitate the sludge.