I. Judging that cows are pregnant After mating, they no longer show estrus. They have tame temperament, increased appetite, and light hair. They can be considered pregnant. Such as rectal examination, intestine touch the uterus no response, or contraction of the right uterine horn, pregnancy angle is slightly larger than the empty angle, indicating that the cow has been pregnant for 30 days; if the uterine horn becomes short and thick, like the head of the electric torch, soft, such as water bag, ovary There is a clear corpus luteum, indicating that it has been 40-50 days pregnant. If the uterine horn is a sac with a large head, it indicates that it has been pregnant for 3 months. Second, pregnant cows miscarriage method After cows are pregnant, must do a good job of fetal protection, in order to ensure the normal development of the fetus and safe delivery, prevent miscarriage. The factor of pregnancy abortion is that the fetus dies in the middle of pregnancy; the uterus of the pregnant cow abruptly contracts abnormally; the cow's endocrine regulation function is disordered, and the ability to protect the baby is lost. While the cow is pregnant within 2 months of pregnancy, the embryo is in a free state in the uterus. At this time, the fetus relies on the uterine milk secreted by the endometrium as a nutrient to absorb the maternal nutrition through the placenta. At this time, if the level of the pregnant cow is too low, the uterus Insufficient secretion of milk can affect fetal development and cause embryonic death. In the later stages of pregnancy, the fetus develops very rapidly, such as undernutrition, and is strongly stimulated, which can also cause miscarriage. In view of the above situation, it is necessary to strengthen the feeding and management of pregnant cows to meet the nutritional needs, especially the supply of protein (cakes and fishmeal, etc.) to ensure supply, vitamin a and vitamin e supplements; lack of green feed in winter and spring season, can be fed malt or silage Feed; but also to feed bone meal to prevent cows and yak cartilage disease; pregnant cows to exercise properly, to prevent frightened, whipped, slipping, collision, reduce the service, 1 month before the end of the service, single-bred feeding. Always ready to take delivery. Third, identification of pregnant cow delivery date and childbirth signs Pregnancy cattle gradually mature with the fetus, gradually approaching labor, to accurately estimate the delivery period, and make preparations for confinement. Two weeks before delivery, the breasts of the pregnant cows begin to expand. In the first few days, a sticky, yellowish, honey-like liquid can be extruded from the front two nipples. The labia is swollen. , hanging outside the vulva, and the muscles on both sides of the tail root collapsed. If there are breeding records, the delivery date can be calculated based on the 285 days of the cow's pregnancy. The method is to subtract 3 from the breeding month and add 10 to the date, such as breeding on May 11th, 5-3=2 (months) and 11+10=21 (days), which means that they will be delivered on February 21 of the following year. The performance of cows during childbirth: lying down at the time, frequently excreting urine, reviewing the abdomen, feel uneasy. Immediately after the contraction of the uterine muscle began to push the fetus and fetal water into the cervix, forcing the cervix open, opening to the birth canal, and later with the contraction of the fetal membrane into the birth canal crushed, so that part of the fetal water flow, the diaphragm occurs strongly In contraction, the intra-abdominal pressure is significantly increased, and the fetus is discharged from the uterus through the birth canal. After an interval of 6-12 hours, the uterus contracted again and discharged the placenta, and the delivery process ended. Fourth, the cows confine the production of cows during the maternity period to arrange special personnel on duty, caretaker, to do a good job of the production work, to give the maternity cows with clean, dry grass and quiet environment, the general fetal membrane blisters after exposure of about 10-20 In minutes, the cows lie down more and more, so that the cows lie down to the left so that the fetus will not be difficult to produce by the rumen pressure. The forefoot of the fetus will burst the fetal membrane, and the amniotic fluid (fetal water) should be caught in the barrel. Using it to administer 3.5-4 kg to postpartum cows, it can prevent the placenta from falling. The general production is the first forehead out of the two forelegs. If dystocia occurs, the posture is not correct. The fetus should first be pushed back into the uterus to correct the fetal position. Do not pull hard. In retrograde, when the two hind legs are produced, the fetus should be pulled out early to prevent the fetus from entering the birth canal and the umbilical cord being pressed on the bottom of the pelvis to cause the fetus to suffocate. The cows are shrinking and their duties are weak. They should go to midwifery, tying the fetus's two forelimbs with a sterilized rope, letting the assistants pull, the midwife's hands reaching into the birth canal, inserting the thumbs into the fetus's mouth, and pinching the lower jaw. When the cows blame, pull them together and force them slightly towards the bottom of the cow's hips. When the fetal head passes through the vulva, one person covers the cow's labia and perineum with both hands and avoids bursting. After the fetal head is pulled out, the movement should be slow to avoid uterine pronation or prolapse. When the fetus's abdomen passes through the vulva, it is handcuffed. Live in the umbilicus of the fetus to prevent the umbilical cord from breaking in the umbilicus, and extend the umbilicus time so that the fetus can get more blood. 5. After processing the calf's newborn calf output, immediately clean the mouth and nose mucus with a dry rag or hay to facilitate breathing. If suspended animation (the heart is still beating), immediately pick up the two calf hind limbs, pour out the amniotic fluid in the throat, and artificial respiration, the umbilical cord self-disruption, fully sterilized with 5% iodine in the broken end, can be from the abdomen at the end 6-8 cm cut (scissors to be disinfected), and then fully disinfected, without ligation, in order to facilitate drying. To prevent contamination, gauze can be used to wrap the umbilical cord. In the winter, the yak body should be wiped off the mucus before handling the umbilical cord (when the weather is warm, the cow can be drained after the umbilicus is broken). Strip the soft hooves, weigh them, and number them (for cattle farms or specialized households). When a yak wants to stand, it should help standing and guide the feeding of colostrum. VI. Benefits of yak's consumption of colostrum Cow's milk secreted within 1 week after delivery is called colostrum. After calves are born, they must eat colostrum during this period. The amount of dry matter that cows secrete from cows on the first day after calving is more than double that of normal milk. The content of globulin is more than ten times, casein and lactate are more than double, inorganic salts Also more, and the content of various vitamins compared with regular milk, most have increased several times, or even more than ten times. It is advisable that calves begin to drink colostrum after birth, as soon as possible after the cows have given birth, the colostrum is more effective than the colostrum 1 hour later, and the ability of the calf to receive antibodies through the stomach wall After a downward trend, so when the yak can stand, you can breastfeed, usually 10-60 minutes after birth. If artificially fed colostrum, calculated according to the birth weight 40 kilograms, the first feeding amount can be given 1-1.5 kilograms, afterwards according to individual quantification, the daily dose is equivalent to 1/7-1/6 of calf body weight; if natural The period of lactation is 1 week. During this period, it is advisable to breastfeed 5-6 times a day. This “multiple small amount†method is better than twice a day. Artificial nursing, after the extrusion of colostrum, it should be timely feeding, should not be put on hold for too long, such as colostrum temperature has dropped, need to be placed in the water tank heated to 37-38 °C and then fed, the temperature can not be heated High, otherwise, colostrum will solidify. If the temperature is too low, do not feed it to prevent gastrointestinal diseases. If the colostrum is frozen and stored, it can be used to feed quail, which will extend the period of yolk feeding colostrum. It has good effects on calf health and weight gain, and it can save the consumption of regular milk. Seven, after the cows should pay attention to feeding (1) Qiao feeding. Feed the cow's warm bran brine soup: Bran 1500-2000 g, salt 50-100 g, brown sugar, and water, warmed and fed. And remove the stained grass, replace it with clean grass, feed the cow hay or fresh grass, and let the cow rest. (2) clearing clothes. After removing the placenta, remove it in time. If the placenta gets stuck for more than 24 hours, it should be peeled off. (3) Lotion. Cows' lochia after delivery is a normal phenomenon. The lochia that was discharged on the first day was a blood sample and 7-8 days was a transparent sample of mucus. It stopped discharging until 15-17 days, and the pus was clean and returned to normal. Because the uterus itself has its own purification ability, under normal circumstances, do not have to wash the vagina and uterus with syrup, if the lochia is grayish brown, smell odor, discharge days more than 21 days non-stop, it should be performed rectal examination or vaginal examination, available anti-inflammatory drugs The fluid rinses the uterus to eliminate lochia and return to normal. Eight, postpartum cows should pay special attention to estrous cow postpartum due to physical weakness and a large number of lactation and other factors, affect the function of the pituitary gland and ovarian secretion of hormones, causing most cows postpartum first and second estrus symptoms is not obvious, not easy to be see. Therefore, after 15 days after giving birth, we must pay attention to the performance of cow estrus. Look at changes in cow genitalia, sexual excitement, and sexual desire. If there is no estrus in 45-60 days after birth, we need health and nutrition for cows. The status and diagnosis of ovaries and uterus are checked to ensure timely mating and pregnancy.
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