Chinese scientists have made breakthroughs in the study of circular chromosome rearrangement
Chinese scientists have made breakthroughs in the study of circular chromosome rearrangement September 27, 2018 Source: Ministry of Science and Technology Recently, Nature Communications magazine published the research paper "Ring Synthetic Chromosome V SCRaMbLE" by Chinese scientists online, which confirmed the continuous evolution ability of artificially synthesized circular chromosomes on genotype and phenotype, showing natural linearity. Compared to chromosomes, artificial circular chromosomes have more complex rearrangement patterns. The research is based on the support of the National Science and Technology Program, and the team led by Yuan Yingjin of Tianjin University has made the latest breakthrough progress. Chromosome structural variation has an important impact on the diversity of biological phenotypes. In this study, a haploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain containing circular chromosome 5 was used as a model to study genomic structural variation and evolution using the synthetic yeast chromosome-specific SCRaMbLE system, revealing that circular chromosomes can continuously generate complex genomic variation and phenotypic optimization. (PDV) biosynthetic pathway as a screening marker for genomic rearrangement, aneuploid yeast strain was obtained by inducing genomic rearrangement of circular chromosomes, PDV yield increased by about 7 times, and 1, 3, 6, and 12 were detected. 13 and the aneuploidy of the circular chromosome 5 is doubled. Compared with the structural variation of linear chromosomes, the genome rearrangement of circular chromosomes produces more structural variations, including the repetition, insertion, translocation and inversion of DNA fragments. The study detected 29 novel structural variants that were not naturally occurring, 11 of which were associated with increased biosynthesis of PDV. Meanwhile, the deletion of the uncharacterized gene YER182W was found to be associated with increased PDV production (see figure below). Circular V chromosome rearrangement produces genotype and phenotypic diversity This study is based on the artificially constructed Saccharomyces cerevisiae circular chromosome. The SCRaMbLE rearrangement evolution system is used to study the structural and functional analysis of circular chromosomes. It is confirmed that the structural variation of circular chromosomes can change the number, structure and organization of chromosomes to promote the evolution of genome. Their new research model of the relationship between DNA genotype and biological phenotype is expected to be used for chromosomal rearrangement, performance improvement of microbial cell factories, rapid evolution of life, and human chromosomal abnormalities.
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