Xuan papaya cultivation and management
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December 07 22:05:17, 2018
[Outline] Declaring papayas warm, with Shujinhuoluo, Pinggan and stomach, converging lungs, phlegm damp heat function. Indications for rheumatic arthritis, waist and knee pain, limb numbness, gastrocnemius tendons, heat stroke, vomiting, diarrhea, beriberi swelling. Mainly produced in Xuancheng, Anhui and Sichuan, Hubei, Zhejiang, Henan, Hunan, Jiangxi and other places. [Hair] Wet and warm climate, requires a sunny and abundant rainfall environment. The soil is not strict, but it is better to use deep sandy, fertile, moist and well-drained sandy loam soil and sandy soil. Xuan Papaya has a well-developed root system, strong drought resistance, and tolerance to extreme cold and high temperatures. Generally suitable for cultivation in low mountains and hills. [Planting technology] 1. Breeding is mainly based on cuttings, but it can also be produced by cutting and pressing. (1) Cutting propagation can be carried out in spring, summer and winter. Before the spring in February-March, the summer season is in the June-July rainy season. However, the rate of seedlings growing in winter is high. Winter plug sand bed closed moisturizing cutting method. Choose the closed moisturizing cutting method in the late autumn and early winter. At the beginning of autumn and winter, loose and fertile sandy soil was selected as the insertion bed. After the deep turning, the base fertilizer was applied and the leveling was fine. The height was 5-8 meters long, 1.3 meters wide, and 0.3 meters deep, and the water was sprayed to wet the surface. During cutting, the hardwood with diameters of 0.5-0.8 cm in the last year, full growth, no pests and diseases, and full lignification was selected, and the cuttings with 3 or more germinations were cut to a length of 15-20 cm. Then cut the lower end near the joint into a horse-shaped bevel, every 30-50 1 bundle, the lower bevel into the 50 pm rooting powder (ABT) or 500-1000ppm naphthyl acetic acid solution quickly dipping 10-15 seconds, Slightly dry and cut. (2) Tillering propagation The papaya sprouting force is extremely strong, and many rooted seedlings occur around the rhizosphere. From September to November, roots can be excavated with a root height of 60 cm or more, and the vigorously growing seedlings can be planted immediately. On the planting ground, the survival rate is high, but the propagation coefficient is low. (3) The bead is propagated in the spring and autumn of each year. The strong, pest-free branches near the ground are bent down, pressed into the soil, and the branches are cut into sections or cut into pieces, fixed with bamboo rafts, and then buried in the soil. Apply a proper amount of earth fertilizer. After germination, the mother is cut off, rooted, and planted separately. 2. Soil preparation and planting; (1) Choose cuttings and seedlings for soil preparation, and choose flat, sunny, fertile, well-drained sandy soil that is easily rooted after plugging. There should be a source of water near the seedbed for irrigation. Planting sites should choose leeward sunny, moderate fertility and gentle slopes in low mountain or hilly areas. It can also be planted on flat ground or on the foot of a hill, on the edge of a field, on the side of a ditch, or in the courtyard. It is not suitable to plant the north-facing windy area. (2) Planting leaves in winter can be carried out before sprouting in early spring. When planting, the planting holes were planted at a spacing of 2 x 2 meters (165 plants/mu) in line, and the hole diameter and depth were each 50 cm. The soil was first excavated and leveled, and then fertilizers such as compost, compost, cake fertilizer, and ash were used to mix the soil with the soil. Mix evenly for base fertilizer, apply 5 to 10 kilograms per hole, cover about 10 centimeters thick soil. Then, 1 seedling or 2 seedlings were planted in each hole so that the roots stretched in the hole and the filling was compacted by stratified filling. After planting, pour water once, cover the ground 10-20 centimeters higher than the ground, so that was turtle shape, favorable insulation and antifreeze, in order to facilitate survival. 3. Field Management (1) After cultivating, weeding and fertilizing, the first two crops can be used as dwarf crops in the intercropping lines. Each year, crops are cultivated and weeded and fertilized once in spring, summer and autumn. Each plant applies 10-20 kilograms of compound fertilizers such as manure, compost, calcium superphosphate, and earth-fired ash. Open the annular groove under the outer edge of the tree crown and cover the soil. After the plants are sealed off, they are stopped. (2) After pruning and pruning, 5-6 roots of strong and robust plants are selected from the plants and cultivated into naturally happy plants. Every year, pruning is carried out in winter to cut away dead branches, thin and thin branches, old branches, leggy branches, diseased shoots and overgrown branches. Yi Papaya more than 2 years of fruiting results, therefore, every year after the fruit picking should be short cut pruning, that is, retain the branch length of about 30 cm, cut the tip, in order to promote multiple branches, more flowering results. Through a few years of pruning, high-yield trees are formed in the inner circle of the outer circle, which are airy and light-transmitting, branches are sparse, strong, and both inside and outside. (3) After the planting of irrigation and drainage water, it is necessary to pay attention to watering and protecting seedlings in case of drought. During the rainy season, the drainage will be drained in time to prevent the accumulation of water.