According to the research and analysis, the important economic traits of beef cattle include: fertility, weaning weight of yak, weight gain and weight gain efficiency during finishing, weight at the age of year, appearance score and carcass quality. 1. Fertility The breeding power of beef cattle refers to the ability of male cattle to reproduce. It mainly includes breeding and capacity of male cows, calving rate of cows and weaning survival rate of calves. The mating ability of male and female cows mainly means the fecundity of the cows and the energies of the breeding bulls. It is one of the main indicators reflecting male reproductive performance. The calving rate of a cow refers to the ratio of the number of calves per cow to the number of appropriate breeders per year in the herd. It is also one of the important indicators reflecting the reproductive performance of beef cattle. Yak weaning survival rate refers to the percentage of calves in the number of calves at the time of weaning. It can reflect both the performance of cows and the viability of cows, as well as the level of feeding and management. In production, the survival rate of weaners is often used as a criterion for judging the level of fecundity. Second, the average live weight of weaned heavy yak weaning heavy index yak at weaning. It can indicate the size of the cow's lactation and maternal abilities. Recently, foreign studies have reported that the size of weaning weight and the average daily gain of lactating calves are not positively related to the weight gain at the age of 1.5 and the weight gain during the finishing period. Third, the fattening rate of weight gain rate during the fattening period refers to the average daily gain of beef cattle finishing period; it is a very important meat performance indicators, heritability values ​​of up to 0.57, direct selection is very effective. This indicator has a positive correlation with weight gain efficiency and a high economic value. The calculation method is to divide the total weight gain of the beef finishing phase by the number of days of fattening. That is, the average daily gain, expressed in kilograms per day. Fourth, weight gain efficiency gain weight efficiency, this indicator represents the total nutrient mass (kg) or value (yuan) consumed per kilogram of live weight per beef cattle during fattening. Sometimes people also use the material to meat ratio. The feed ratio is the kilogram of feed (especially fine material) consumed per kilogram of body weight gained. 5. The age of the first year of age refers to the live weight of the yak at 365 days of age, which is a comprehensive indicator. Sixth, shape score Beef's appearance score including weaning score and pre-slaughter score two situations. The heritability (h2) of the score at weaning was 0.25, and the heritability (h2) of the pre-slaughter score was 0.40, which correlated with the meat production performance. Carcass quality Carcass quality characteristics include carcass grade, eye muscle area, tenderness, thickness of fat, and retail meat. Heritability (h2) is as high as O.40 or more, so the direct selection effect is obvious. In practice, when choosing a breeding cattle, many descendants determination and sibling determination methods make inferences about the selected bull. To determine its genetic quality.
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