Selection of orchid plant material

The choice of orchid plant material to cultivate orchids will first encounter the problem of selecting plant materials. To select the plant material, we must understand the growth characteristics of orchids. We know that the stomatal collapse of Lanyin leaves is not complete, but also rely on the root to help breathing; orchids grow in humus rich, loose soil; orchids grow in dry soil, air humidity, blue leaves absorb water from the air To make up for the lack of Langen. Therefore, we should pay attention to the following principles when choosing to cultivate orchid plant material: 1. Loose ventilation. In the practice of cultivated orchids, we know that the reason for using granulated plant material and discarding the powdery viscous plant material is to create a loose and permeable environment for orchids, which facilitates orchid roots to breathe. 2. Moisturizing does not stain. Orchid is a plant that requires moisture to moisturize; while orchid is a fleshy root that is not resistant to water stains. The good planting material can achieve watering and flow, never water, and can keep it moist for a long time. 3. Clean with fertilizer. Wild orchids have strong resistance, but after transplanting, the resistance is weakened and they are more susceptible to pests and diseases. The growth of orchids is also inseparable from other kinds of fertilizers like other plants. The clean fertilizer containing plant material is a necessary condition for the normal growth of orchids. According to the growth characteristics of orchids, especially people's long-term practice of orchids, it is proved that the planting materials of the cultivation orchids available for us are various. From the point of view of plant materials widely used and marketed by people, it can be roughly divided into the following three categories: 1. Earth materials. There are mainly land mud, pond mud, bamboo root soil, mud soil and various types of humus, and so on. This type of plant material is the main material of the traditional method. Its advantages are moisturizing, containing fertilizers, convenient materials, and low cost. The disadvantages are that it is easy to form stagnant water, it is not easy to dry after irrigating, and it contains bacteria and prone to insects. (At present, Sichuan Xiantu sold on the market and some artificially produced granular soils are no longer the traditional earth materials.) 2. Organic matter. There are bark, dead wood, cockles, wood chips, bagasse, peanut shells, snake wood, brown silk and moss plants. The main advantage of this kind of planting material is that it can provide organic fertilizer for orchids after moisturizing, ventilating and rot. It is good for long roots of orchids. The disadvantage is that they are prone to insects and germs, especially in the process of decomposition and rot. They emit heat and harmful substances. Burn Langen. 3. Hard materials. There are mainly potash, quarry stone, volcanic stone, pumice stone, perlite, broken bricks and ceramsite and so on. The selection of such plant material is the result of people's constant exploration of reform in the practice of Yilan. Its advantage is that it should not be broken in the form of particles, clean and insect-free, good permeability will not be compacted, no water, the disadvantage is easy to dry, do not contain fertilizer, such as improper selection of particle size is not conducive to the growth of orchid root. In summary, the growth characteristics of orchids provide us with the convenience of choosing orchids and planting materials. However, orchids are alive. They will live for a long time in the small environment we have chosen for it. Its growth will be determined by whether we can provide a good environment and management. The choice of planting orchids and planting materials is an important part of the orchid's growing environment. People often say: "We have chosen the right planting material and we have succeeded in raising orchids." Therefore, we must not take it lightly. Faced with so many planting materials, how should we choose? The practice of our ancestors and modern Yilan homes has proven that as long as the growth characteristics of orchids are met, no matter which planting material they are able to plant a good orchid, the key is that different planting materials are suitable for different environments, different pots and different management. At present, there are three major schools in the selection of main planting materials in China: the traditional method of planting materials based on Yungui River and other places, the planting method of hardwood materials mainly in Guangdong, Guizhou, and other places. In Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places, the mixed planting species method is dominant. The selection of plant materials and matters needing attention in these three methods are discussed separately. A. Traditional soil planting species methods. As the name suggests, this type of method is the use of soil-planting material, using traditional methods of cultivation of orchids. In the foregoing, we have analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of this kind of planting materials. Therefore, we should pay attention to the following matters when selecting this type of planting material: 1. Use granular material as much as possible, sieve out the powder, and the soil should not be too sticky. If the viscosity is too heavy, a small amount of coarse bark, bark, etc. can be incorporated into the soil to improve soil properties and soil quality. 2. Pots should be selected for good air permeability, open mud basins or sweat mud pots, pots must be placed at the bottom of the filter layer to prevent mud from blocking drainage holes, causing water. 3. The daily management should be based on "dry cultivation", that is, when we water, we must master the principle of "do not dry, run mainly; run rather dry, not too wet" principle. However, we also need to take care to prevent the phenomenon of drying up from the bottom of the pelvic floor, that is, the watering must be thoroughly drenched. 4. Since the earth material we use contains a large amount of humus, we no longer need to add basal fertilizer. Usually, we can choose fertilization by fertilization. At the same time, we must also do a good job of insecticidal sterilization to prevent pests and diseases from invading orchids. 5. The place where the orchid is placed should be a well-ventilated place, such as an open or semi-enclosed place such as a courtyard balcony. Usually, the orchid basin can be emptied so that the blue pot can be in a ventilated environment. The relative humidity of the air can be relatively small. Hardwood species methods. The use of various hard materials for planting orchids is a cultivation method popular in China in the past decade or so. Compared with traditional soil-planting methods, the greatest advantage of this type of method is that it facilitates our day-to-day management and speeds up the growth of orchids. But it also has very obvious flaws. Therefore, we must not ignore the following issues when choosing this type of planting material for orchids: 1. Since this type of plant material itself is usually in the form of particles with different sizes, we generally choose large particles such as broad bean like pellets when selecting them. Yellow bean-shaped. If the particles are too large, the growth of orchid roots is impaired. At the time of planting, the larger Langer can put more large grains, while the smaller Langer can put more small grains. 2. In the daily management, we can use the "wet-keeping" method to cultivate orchids, that is, keep the plant material moist. However, we should still follow the principle of different methods of watering according to the different textures of the orchid basins and the strength of the orchids, and we must never overdo it. 3. This type of plant material itself does not contain fertilizer, and artificial fertilization is required to ensure the normal growth of orchids. We should pay attention to different fertilizers applied according to the different growing times of orchids. Usually, we can apply top dressing and base fertilizer to fertilize. The base fertilizer should use some sustained-release granular fertilizers; top dressing should be “thin, thin, and diligent”. 4. This type of method is suitable for the environment with relatively high humidity and breezy wind. Usually orchids should be placed in closed or semi-enclosed places, such as blue fields, blue sheds, closed balconies or indoor. On the surface of the pot can be placed some snake wood shavings or sphagnum, etc., in order to maintain the wet granules. 5. When used, we can incorporate a small amount of bark, coconut cocoon and other organic planting materials in this type of plant material to improve the deficiencies of this type of plant material and provide certain nutrients for orchids. Three kinds of mixed plant species method. Because each planting material has its own defects, the method of planting orchids using a single planting material not only needs a certain environment and conditions, but also brings inconvenience to our management. The emergence and use of mixed planting species methods can be said to be a major advancement in the history of orchid cultivation. This kind of method is to mix several planting materials in soil planting material, hard planting material and organic matter, and prepare a new planting material to plant orchids. Its greatest advantage is that we can increase or decrease the amount of planting materials in the preparation process according to our own environment, pots and management methods to meet the needs of orchid growth. Similarly, we need to pay attention to the following matters when using this kind of planting material: 1. Which planting materials and proportions we choose in the preparation, which needs to be decided according to own environment and the pots used, can be selected first. Generally speaking, in the open environment or in a well-ventilated semi-enclosed environment, the mud tiles or sweat mud pots with good air permeability are usually used, and some soil-planting materials and organic material planting materials can be used more often, and less are used. Some hard-planting materials are planted; if they are enclosed or semi-enclosed with high humidity, some hard-planting materials and organic-type planting materials may be used, and some soil-planting materials may be used less. 2. Since this type of plant material contains certain nutrients, it can be applied with little or no basal fertilizer at ordinary times, and the application of topdressing fertilizer should be the main method, so that “the application of thin fertilizer can be applied”. 3. The soil-planting materials and organic materials used in the preparation of this type of plant material may contain germs and pests, and they must be sterilized and killed by drugs or high temperature before preparation. At the same time, the organic materials in the process of decay decomposition decomposition of heat and harmful substances, so before use can be taken after soaking in the microwave oven high temperature treatment approach to solve. 4. We often use some artificially produced granular soil in the preparation of this type of plant material. This kind of granular soil does have many advantages, but there are also many problems. For example, some use adhesives for harmful orchids, some can not stand blisters, some contain salt and alkali, and some have too much fat. We should choose carefully. The Xian soil produced in Sichuan can be used as the first choice for such granular soils, but it needs to be soaked for more than 24 hours before use. After use, the equal ratio method of equal parts of Xian soil and hard planting materials is suitable for the growth of orchids.

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